I-Human-AI augmentation: Ukuqonda imingcele efiphalisayo phakathi kobuhlakani bomuntu nomshini

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• August 9, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ixhumene ngokujulile nezimpilo zabantu, ithuthukisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi inomthelela nokuziphatha, njengoba kuboniswa ukuxhumana nabasizi be-AI kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ku-AI kuholela ekwandiseni okungaba khona kwabantu, okungase kudale ukuhlukana komphakathi kanye nezinselelo zokuziphatha ezizindeni ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zenzakalo zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kanye nokulawulwa kohulumeni nezinhlangano ukuze kulawuleke izinkinga ezivelayo zokuziphatha kanye nomthelela womphakathi.

Umongo wokwandiswa kwe-Human-AI

I-AI iguqule umhlaba ngokuhlanganisa i-automation kanye nobuhlakani bemishini emikhiqizweni eminingi, izinsizakalo, nezinqubo, ngokuvamile ukuze kuzuze abantu. Ngawo-2010, i-AI yazihlanganisa kancane kancane empilweni yethu yomuntu siqu neyansuku zonke, kusukela kuma-smartphones, kuya kumawashi ahlakaniphile, kuya kubasizi bezwi basekhaya. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili ngeminyaka yawo-2020, ochwepheshe bayabuza ukuthi ingabe i-AI inomthelela ojulile ekuhlakanipheni nasekuziphatheni komuntu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini.  

Amabhothi athinta ukuziphatha komuntu. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe eNyuvesi yaseYale kubonakale irobhothi elithanda iphutha, elixolisa ngokuhlekisayo lengezwe eqenjini, kuyilapho amanye amaqembu enamarobhothi enza izitatimende ezingasho lutho. Iqembu elilawulayo elinerobhothi elithambekele kakhudlwana liholele ekukhulumisaneni okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenzisana phakathi kweqembu, okubenza badlulele kontanga yabo. Okunye ukuhlola lapho amarobhothi abonisa ukuziphatha kobugovu kwabona abantu bebonisa lokhu kuziphatha. Ithoni yezwi yokuzethemba yabasizi be-AI abafana no-Alexa no-Siri kanye nezimo zemiyalezo enonya eya kosopolitiki ephinda i-twetwe ngama-bots (ngokuthunyelwe ngokwako okudalwe ama-bots) kubonisa ukuthi imingcele phakathi kwe-AI nobuhlakani bomuntu ifiphalisa kanjani.
 
Ngokombono we-Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI)—umqondo wokuklama osekela ubuciko bomuntu, ukuzenza kahle, nokucaca—i-AI izothatha izindima zokusekela njengama-drones asebenza ngocingo kanye nezimoto ezizishayelayo. I-HCAI iphinde futhi inikeze ukwesekwa kwezixazululo ezisekelwe emphakathini njengokuvumela ama-algorithms ukuthi afane nezintshisakalo kanye nobuntu bochwepheshe bokulethwa kokudla ezakhamuzini ezindala nakubantu abakhubazekile. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuhlela imizila ephumelelayo yabashayeli bokulethwa kanye nokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezibhanqa abanakekeli abangochwepheshe namasu aphumelelayo okuzuza imali. 

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ososayensi abafana noKevin Warwick babikezela ukuthi ama-chips anikwe amandla yi-AI azohlanganiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umzimba womuntu ngokunika amandla inkumbulo engenaphutha, ukuxhumana nge-telepathic, ukulawulwa okungenamthungo kwama-prosthetics, izandiso zomzimba ezintweni ezitholakala ezindaweni ezikude, kanye nokucabanga okuhlukahlukene.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Njengoba lezi ntuthuko zihlanganiswa kakhulu nomzimba womuntu, njengokufakelwa kobuchopho okunikwe amandla yi-AI, okunikwe amandla yi-wifi, kungase kuholele ekuhlukaneni okukhulu komphakathi. Abantu abanokwandiswa okunjalo kwezobuchwepheshe bangathola izinzuzo ezinkulu ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izilungiselelo zobungcweti, ezemfundo, nezenhlalo. Lo mehluko angeke nje wandise amagebe akhona kwezenhlalo-mnotho kodwa futhi wethule izinhlobo ezintsha zokungalingani okusekelwe ekufinyeleleni nasekulawuleni lobu buchwepheshe.

Emqhudelwaneni wezomnotho kanye nempumelelo yomuntu siqu, lobu buchwepheshe bungase busetshenziswe ukuze kuzuze imali noma kugwenywe amasistimu aklanyelwe ukuhlola amakhono emvelo abantu. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zobungcweti noma izilungiselelo zemfundo, lezo ezihlonyiswe ngezithuthukisi zengqondo zingase zidlule ontanga yazo, okuholela ezinzuzweni ezingalungile kanye nezingqinamba zokuziphatha. Ohulumeni nezinkampani kungase kudingeke basungule imithetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncintisana okunobulungiswa futhi kuvinjwe ukusetshenziswa kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo siphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nencazelo yokufaneleka nomzamo lapho amakhono omuntu engeziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Emhlabeni jikelele, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kungaba nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi kwezobunhloli nokuvikela. Ohulumeni bangasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze bathole izinzuzo zamasu, okuholela ohlotsheni olusha lomjaho wezikhali ogxile ekuthuthukisweni komuntu. Lokhu kuthambekela kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezinxushunxushu kanye nokuchazwa kabusha kwamasu okuphepha kuzwelonke. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, buzodinga ukuhlolwa kabusha kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkambiso zokuziphatha ezibusa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

Imithelela yokwandiswa kwe-AI yomuntu

Imithelela ebanzi yokwanda kwabantu ngobuchwepheshe obunamandla e-AI ingabandakanya: 

• Umuntu ojwayelekile uba nempilo enhle ngenxa yokulandelelwa njalo kwezempilo okungase kwenze iziphakamiso zezempilo ezisebenzayo kanye nokungenelela.
• Umuntu ojwayelekile ukhiqiza kakhulu ekhaya nasemsebenzini ngosekelo oluqhubekayo lwabasizi ababonakalayo abakwazi ukuphatha izinhlelo zohambo, banikeze imiyalelo, futhi bazulazule ngokusebenzisana nabahlinzeki besevisi yezitolo, izinsizakalo zikahulumeni, kanye neminyango yomsebenzi.
• Umuntu ojwayelekile onikeza ukwenza izinqumo okwengeziwe kubasizi be-AI. Abantu abathembela ngezinga eliphezulu kubasizi babo be-AI kanye namathuluzi bangancika kubo ngezezimali nezincomo zokuqomisana, isibonelo. 
• Izinkambiso ezintsha zokusebenzelana komphakathi ezithuthukayo ukuze zifake ukuxhumana kwabantu okuthonywe iziphakamiso zengxoxo ze-AI.
• Amazinga amasha obuhle nesimo esishintshayo ukuze afake izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhushulwa komzimba okusekelwe kubuchwepheshe. 
• Imihlahlandlela eqondile nephelele esetshenziswa abenzi benqubomgomo emaqenjini aklama e-AI, njengokwakha amasistimu athembekile nasobala, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngamasu okuphatha, nokulindela ukugadwa okuzimele.
• Umkhuba wokukhula kwe-techno-optimism njengoba abantu bezwa, kunokubikezela, ukusebenzelana okukhulayo nemishini.
• Kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha obungasiza abantu abaphethwe yizifo zobuchopho eziwohlokayo, njenge-Alzheimer's.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ubuhlakani bomshini buzoholela ekutheni abantu bathembele nakakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-AI?
• Kungenzeka yini ukulawula ukuthi isintu sizoguquka kanjani njengoba siya ngokuya sisebenzisa izinhlelo ze-AI?