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Ikusasa lakho ngaphakathi kwe-inthanethi Yezinto: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P4

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

Msombuluko, 09/14/2020 - 12:53

Ngolunye usuku, ukukhuluma nesiqandisi sakho kungaba yinto evamile yesonto lakho.

Kuze kube manje ochungechungeni lwethu lwekusasa lochungechunge lwe-inthanethi, sixoxile ukuthi kanjani Ukukhula kwe-inthanethi maduzane izofinyelela izigidigidi ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni; ukuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana nezinjini zokusesha zizoqala kanjani ukunikela imizwa, iqiniso, kanye nemiphumela yosesho ye-semantic; nokuthi ama-tech giants maduze azosebenzisa kanjani le ntuthuko ukuze athuthuke abasizi abangokoqobo (ama-VAs) azokusiza ukuthi ulawule zonke izici zempilo yakho.

Le ntuthuko yakhelwe ukwenza izimpilo zabantu zingabi nazihibe—ikakhulukazi kulabo ababelana ngokukhululekile nangokukhuthele idatha yabo yomuntu siqu neziqhwaga zakusasa zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela ngokwazo zizohluleka ukunikeza leyo mpilo engenazihibe ngesizathu esisodwa esikhulu kakhulu: izinjini zokusesha nabasizi ababonakalayo abakwazi ukukusiza ulawule impilo yakho uma bengakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele noma ukuxhuma ezintweni ezibonakalayo oxhumana nazo. ngemihla.

Kulapho i-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) izovela khona ukuze iguqule yonke into.

Iyini i-inthanethi Yezinto noma kunjalo?

I-Computing Ubiquitous, I-inthanethi Yakho Konke, I-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), zonke ziyinto efanayo: Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, i-IoT iyinethiwekhi eklanyelwe ukuxhuma izinto ezibonakalayo kuwebhu, efana nendlela i-Inthanethi yendabuko exhuma ngayo abantu kuwebhu. besebenzisa amakhompyutha abo nama-smartphone. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-inthanethi ne-IoT inhloso yabo eyinhloko.

Njengoba kuchaziwe ku isahluko sokuqala yalolu chungechunge, i-inthanethi iyithuluzi lokwaba izinsiza ngokuphumelelayo kanye nokuxhumana nabanye. Ngokudabukisayo, i-inthanethi esiyaziyo namuhla yenza umsebenzi ongcono wakamuva kunowokuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IoT yakhelwe ukuthi iphumelele ekwabeni izinsiza—iklanyelwe “ukunikeza ukuphila” ezintweni ezingaphili ngokuzivumela ukuthi zisebenze ndawonye, zivumelane nezimo ezishintshayo, zifunde ukusebenza kangcono futhi zizame ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Le khwalithi ehambisanayo ye-IoT yingakho inkampani yabaphathi, iMcKinsey neNkampani, imibiko ukuthi umthelela wezomnotho ongaba khona we-IoT ungasukela phakathi kuka-$3.9 no-11.1 TRILLION ngonyaka ngo-2025, noma amaphesenti angu-11 omnotho womhlaba.

Ngicela imininingwane eyengeziwe. Isebenza kanjani i-IoT?

Ngokuyisisekelo, i-IoT isebenza ngokubeka izinzwa ezincane-kuya-ku-microscopic kuwo wonke umkhiqizo okhiqiziwe, emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe, futhi (kwezinye izimo) ngisho nasezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezidla emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe.

Izinzwa zizoxhumeka kuwebhu ngaphandle kwentambo futhi ekuqaleni zinikezwe amandla amabhethri amancane, bese kuba ngama-receptors angakwazi. ukuqoqa amandla ngaphandle kwentambo kusuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yemvelo. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza abakhiqizi, abathengisi, nabanikazi ikhono elake langenakwenzeka lokuqapha, ukulungisa, ukuvuselela, nokuthengisa le mikhiqizo ukude.

Isibonelo sakamuva salokhu izinzwa ezipakishwe ezimotweni zakwaTesla. Lezi zinzwa zivumela uTesla ukuthi aqaphe ukusebenza kwezimoto ezidayiselwa amakhasimende abo, okube sekuvumela uTesla ukuthi afunde kabanzi mayelana nendlela izimoto zabo ezisebenza ngayo endaweni ehlukahlukene yomhlaba wangempela, ukudlula kude umsebenzi wokuhlola nokuklama abangawenza ngesikhathi semoto. isigaba sokuqala sokuklama. U-Tesla usengakwazi ukusebenzisa le datha enkulu ukuze alayishe ngokungenantambo iziqephu zeziphazamisi zesofthiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kwezimoto zabo emhlabeni wangempela—ngokukhethiwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-premium noma izici okungenzeka zigodlwe ukuze kuthengwe kamuva abanikazi bezimoto abakhona.

Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iyiphi into, kusukela kuma-dumbbell kuya kumafriji, emicamelo. Iphinde ivule amathuba ezimboni ezintsha ezisizakala ngale mikhiqizo ehlakaniphile. Le vidiyo evela ku-Estimote izokunikeza umqondo ongcono wokuthi konke lokhu kusebenza kanjani:

Futhi kungani lokhu kuvukela umbuso kungenzeki emashumini eminyaka edlule? Ngenkathi i-IoT ithole ukuvelela phakathi kuka-2008-09, izitayela ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe okwamanje kuvela okuzokwenza i-IoT ibe yinto evamile yangempela ngo-2025; lezi zihlanganisa:

Ukwandisa ukufinyelela emhlabeni wonke kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okuthembekile, okushibhile ngezintambo ze-fiber optic, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi, i-wifi yendawo, i-BlueTooth kanye amanethiwekhi mesh;
Ukwethulwa kwe- new I-IPv6 Uhlelo lokubhaliswa kwe-inthanethi oluvumela amakheli e-inthanethi amasha angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-340 kumishini ngayinye (“izinto” ku-IoT);
Ukwenza kancane ngokwedlulele kwezinzwa ezingabizi, ezonga amandla kanye namabhethri angaklanywa abe yizo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yesikhathi esizayo;
Ukuvela kwamazinga avulekile nezimiso eziyisisekelo ezizovumela uhla lwezinto ezixhunyiwe ukuthi zixhumane ngokuphephile, ngendlela efanayo nendlela isistimu yokusebenza evumela ngayo izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ukuthi zisebenze kukhompyutha yakho (inkampani eyimfihlo, eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, Jasper, isivele iyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke njenge-2015, nge Iphrojekthi ye-Google ethi Brillo and Weave ukuzilungiselela ukuba yimbangi yayo enkulu);
Ukukhula kokugcinwa kwedatha okusekelwe emafini nokucutshungulwa okungaqoqa, kugcine, futhi kunciphise inani elikhulu ledatha elizokhiqizwa izigidigidi zezinto ezixhunyiwe;
Ukukhuphuka kwama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi (izinhlelo zochwepheshe) ehlaziya yonke le datha ngesikhathi sangempela futhi yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezithinta amasistimu omhlaba wangempela—ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela komuntu.

Umthelela womhlaba wonke we-IoT

UCisco uyabikezela kuzoba nezisetshenziswa ezixhumene “ezihlakaniphile” ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-50 ngo-2020—lokho okungu-6.5 kuwo wonke umuntu osemhlabeni. Sezivele zikhona izinjini zokusesha ezizinikele ngokuphelele ekulandeleleni inombolo ekhulayo yamadivayisi axhunyiwe manje adla umhlaba wonke (sincoma ukuthi uhlole Okumnandi futhi I-Shodan).

Zonke lezi zinto ezixhunyiwe zizoxhumana ngewebhu futhi zikhiqize idatha njalo mayelana nendawo yazo, isimo, nokusebenza. Ngayodwana, lezi zingcezu zedatha zizoba yinto encane, kodwa lapho ziqoqwa ngobuningi, zizokhiqiza ulwandle lwedatha olukhulu kunenani ledatha eqoqwe kukho konke ukuphila komuntu kuze kube kulelo qophelo—nsuku zonke.

Lokhu kuqhuma kwedatha kuzoba ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe ezizayo ukuthi uwoyela uyini izinkampani zikawoyela zanamuhla—futhi inzuzo etholakala kule datha enkulu izodlula inzuzo yemboni kawoyela ngokuphelele ngo-2035.

Kucabange ngale ndlela:

Uma ubunefekthri lapho ubungalandelela khona izenzo nokusebenza kwayo yonke into, umshini, nesisebenzi, ubuzokwazi ukuthola amathuba okunciphisa imfucuza, uhlele umugqa wokukhiqiza kahle kakhulu, u-ode izinto ezingavuthiwe lapho kudingekile, futhi ulandelele. imikhiqizo eqediwe yonke indlela eya kumthengi wokugcina.
Ngokunjalo, uma ubunesitolo sokudayisa, i-backend supercomputer ingalandelela ukuhamba kwamakhasimende futhi iqondise abasebenzi bokuthengisa ukuze ibanikeze usizo ngaphandle kokuhilela umphathi, i-inventory yomkhiqizo ingalandelelwa futhi ihlelwe kabusha ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi ukweba izinto ezincane kuzocishe kungenzeki. (Lokhu, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile ngokuvamile, ibhekwa ngokujulile kithi Ikusasa Lokuthengisa uchungechunge.)
Uma uphethe idolobhakazi, ubungakwazi ukuqapha futhi ulungise amazinga ethrafikhi ngesikhathi sangempela, uthole futhi ulungise ingqalasizinda eyonakele noma egugile ngaphambi kokuba ihluleke, futhi uqondise abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo kumabhulokhi edolobha athinteke isimo sezulu ngaphambi kokuba izakhamizi zikhononde.

Lawa ngamathuba ambalwa i-IoT ewavumelayo. Kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ebhizinisini, ukunciphisa izindleko ze-marginal zifinyelele kuqanda ngenkathi ithinta amandla amahlanu okuncintisana (isikole sebhizinisi siyakhuluma):

Uma kuziwa emandleni okuxoxisana wabathengi, noma iyiphi inhlangano (umdayisi noma umthengi) ozuza ukufinyelela kudatha yokusebenza kwento exhunyiwe izuza amandla ngaphezu kwelinye iqembu uma kuziwa emananini nasezinsizeni ezinikezwayo.
Ukushuba nenhlobonhlobo yokuncintisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi kuzokhula, njengoba ukukhiqiza izinguqulo "ezihlakaniphile/ezixhunyiwe" zemikhiqizo yazo kuzoziguqula (ingxenye) zibe izinkampani zedatha, ezithengisa idatha yokusebenza komkhiqizo, nokunye ukunikezwa kwesevisi.
Usongo lwabaqhudelana nabo abasha luzoncipha kancane kancane ezimbonini eziningi, njengoba izindleko ezingaguquki ezihlobene nokudala imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile (kanye nesofthiwe yokuyilandelela nokuyiqapha esikalini) izokhula ngaphezu kokufinyeleleka kweziqalo ezizixhasa ngokwazo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusongelwa kwemikhiqizo engene esikhundleni namasevisi kuzokhula, njengoba imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile ingathuthukiswa, yenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, noma yenziwe kabusha ngokuphelele ngisho nangemva kokuba ithengiswe kubasebenzisi bayo bokugcina.
Okokugcina, amandla okuxoxisana abahlinzeki azokhula, njengoba ikhono labo lesikhathi esizayo lokulandelela, ukuqapha, nokulawula imikhiqizo yabo kuyo yonke indlela kuye kumsebenzisi wokugcina kungabavumela ukuthi ekugcineni bashiye abaxhumanisi njengabathengisi bezitolo nabathengisi ngokuphelele.

Umthelela we-IoT kuwe

Zonke lezo zinto zebhizinisi zinhle, kepha i-IoT izoba nomthelela kanjani osukwini lwakho nosuku? Nokho, okokuqala, impahla yakho exhunyiwe izothuthuka njalo ngezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezithuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenziseka kwazo.

Ngokwezinga elijule kakhulu, "ukuxhuma" izinto onazo kuzovumela i-VA yakho yesikhathi esizayo ukuthi ikusize uthuthukise impilo yakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ndlela yokuphila ethuthukisiwe izoba yinto evamile phakathi kwemiphakathi enezimboni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezincane.

IoT kanye noBig Brother

Ngalo lonke uthando esiluthele phezu kwe-IoT, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhula kwalo ngeke kube bushelelezi, futhi ngeke kwamukelwe kabanzi umphakathi.

Eshumini leminyaka lokuqala le-IoT (2008-2018), futhi ngisho nasengxenyeni enkulu yeshumi lesibili leminyaka, i-IoT izohlushwa yinkinga ye-“Tower of Babel” lapho amasethi ezinto ezixhumene azosebenza kunhlobonhlobo yamanethiwekhi ahlukene angeke abe lula. ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye. Lolu daba ludambisa amandla esikhathi esiseduze we-IoT, njengoba lukhawulela ukusebenza kahle kwezimboni ezingaphuma ezindaweni zazo zokusebenza kanye namanethiwekhi okusebenza, kanye nezinga i-VAs yomuntu siqu engasiza ngayo umuntu ojwayelekile ukuphatha izimpilo zabo ezixhumene zansuku zonke.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokho, amandla amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe afana ne-Google, i-Apple, ne-Microsoft azocindezela abakhiqizi ezinhlelweni ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ze-IoT (okungabanikazi bazo), namanethiwekhi kahulumeni nawezempi e-IoT asele ehlukene. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamazinga e-IoT ekugcineni kuzokwenza iphupho le-IoT libe ngokoqobo, kodwa futhi kuzozala izingozi ezintsha.

Kokunye, uma izigidi noma izinkulungwane zezigidi zezinto zixhunywe ohlelweni olulodwa oluvamile lokusebenza, uhlelo luzoba umgomo oyinhloko wamaqembu ama-hacker anethemba lokweba uhla olukhulu lwedatha yomuntu siqu mayelana nezimpilo nemisebenzi yabantu. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi izigebengu ezisekelwa uhulumeni, zingaqalisa izenzo ezilimazayo ze-cyberwar ngokumelene nezinkampani, izinsiza zombuso, nokufakwa kwezempi.

Okunye ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukulahleka kobumfihlo kulo mhlaba we-IoT. Uma yonke into onayo ekhaya nayo yonke into ozibandakanya nayo ngaphandle ixhunywa, kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinjongo, uzobe uphila esimweni sokugada senkampani. Sonke isenzo osenzayo noma igama olishoyo lizogadwa, lirekhodwe, futhi lihlaziywe, ukuze izinsiza ze-VA ozibhalisele zingakusiza kangcono ukuthi uphile emhlabeni oxhumeke kakhulu. Kodwa uma uba umuntu onentshisekelo kuhulumeni, ngeke kuthathe okuningi ku-Big Brother ukuthi angene kule nethiwekhi yokugada.

Ubani ozolawula umhlaba we-IoT?

Kunikezwe ingxoxo yethu mayelana nama-VAs ku isahluko sokugcina Ikusasa lethu lochungechunge lwe-inthanethi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lezo ziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe ezakha isizukulwane sakusasa sama-VAs—ikakhulukazi i-Google, i-Apple, ne-Microsoft—yizo abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-IoT abazogxila kuzo. Eqinisweni, cishe kunikezwe: Ukutshala izigidigidi ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-IoT (kanye nezinkundla zabo ze-VA) kuzothuthukisa inhloso yabo yokudonsela abasebenzisi babo bajule ezinhlelweni zabo zemvelo ezinenzuzo.

I-Google ibhekeke kakhulu ukuthola isabelo semakethe esingenakuqhathaniswa esikhaleni se-IoT uma inikezwe i-ecosystem yayo evulekile kakhudlwana kanye nobudlelwano obukhona nabasebenzisa i-electronic giants njenge-Samsung. Lokhu kubambisana kukhiqiza inzuzo ngokwazo ngokuqoqwa kwedatha yabasebenzisi nezivumelwano zamalayisense nabathengisi nabakhiqizi.

Izakhiwo ezivaliwe ze-Apple cishe zizodonsa iqembu elincane, eligunyazwe yi-Apple labakhiqizi ngaphansi kwe-IoT ecosystem yayo. Njenganamuhla, lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo esivaliwe singase siholele enzuzweni eyengeziwe ekhishwe kubasebenzisi bayo abancane, abacebile, kunabasebenzisi be-Google ababanzi, kodwa abadla izambane likapondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Apple iyakhula ngokubambisana ne-IBM ingayibona ingena emakethe ye-VA ne-IoT yebhizinisi ngokushesha kune-Google.

Ngokunikezwa kwalawa maphuzu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-American tech giants cishe ngeke athathe ikusasa ngokuphelele. Yize bengase bakwazi ukufinyelela kalula eNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika, amazwe agcwele isiphithiphithi njengeRussia neChina cishe azotshala izimali ezinkulu kwezobuchwepheshe basekhaya ukuze zakhe ingqalasizinda ye-IoT yabantu bazo—zombili ukuze ziqaphe kangcono izakhamuzi zazo futhi zizivikele kangcono empini yaseMelika. izinsongo ze-cyber. Njengoba kunikezwe iYurophu yakamuva ulaka olubhekiswe ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe zase-US, kungenzeka ukuthi bazokhetha indlela emaphakathi lapho bezovumela amanethiwekhi e-US IoT ukuthi asebenze ngaphakathi kwe-Europe ngaphansi kwemithetho enzima ye-EU.

I-IoT izothuthukisa ukukhula kwezinto ezigqokwayo

Kungase kuzwakale kuhlanya namuhla, kodwa phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka, akekho ozodinga i-smartphone. Ama-smartphone azothathelwa indawo izinto ezigqokwayo. Kungani? Ngoba ama-VAs kanye namanethiwekhi e-IoT asebenza ngawo azothatha imisebenzi eminingi omakhalekhukhwini abayenzayo namuhla, kuncishiswe isidingo sokuthwala ama-supercomputer anamandla ngokwandayo emaphaketheni ethu. Kodwa sihamba phambili lapha.

Engxenyeni yesihlanu yekusasa lethu lochungechunge lwe-inthanethi, sizohlola ukuthi ama-VAs kanye ne-IoT azoyibulala kanjani i-smartphone nokuthi izinto ezigqokwayo zizosenza kanjani sibe abathakathi besimanje.