Ƙuntataccen Intanet: Lokacin da barazanar katsewa ta zama makami

• About the Author:
• Sunan marubuci

  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Oktoba 31, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Dokokin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa sun amince da cewa yin amfani da Intanet ya zama wani hakki na asali, ciki har da 'yancin yin amfani da shi don yin taro cikin lumana. Duk da haka, ƙarin ƙasashe sun ƙara ƙuntata hanyar Intanet. Waɗannan hane-hane sun ƙunshi rufewar kama daga babban sikelin kan layi da katse hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu zuwa wasu rushewar hanyar sadarwa, kamar toshe takamaiman ayyuka ko aikace-aikace, gami da dandamalin kafofin watsa labarun da aikace-aikacen saƙo.

Ƙuntataccen mahallin Intanet

Akalla an samu katsewar Intanet a kalla 768 da gwamnati ta dauki nauyi a cikin kasashe sama da 60 tun daga shekarar 2016, a cewar bayanai daga wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta #KeepItOn Coalition. Kusan rufewar intanet 190 ne ya kawo cikas ga majalissu cikin lumana, kuma an gudanar da zabe 55. Bugu da kari, daga watan Janairun 2019 zuwa Mayu 2021, an sami karin wasu al'amura 79 na kulle-kulle masu alaka da zanga-zangar, gami da zabuka da dama a kasashe kamar su Benin, Belarus, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Malawi, Uganda, da Kazakhstan.

A cikin 2021, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, Access Now da #KeepItOn sun rubuta shari'o'i 182 na rufewa a cikin ƙasashe 34 idan aka kwatanta da rufe 159 a cikin ƙasashe 29 da aka yi rikodin a cikin 2020. Ƙarfafawar haɓaka ya nuna yadda zalunci (kuma gama gari) wannan hanyar sarrafa jama'a ta zama. Tare da mataki ɗaya, yanke hukunci, gwamnatoci masu iko na iya ware al'ummominsu don sarrafa bayanan da suke karɓa.

Misalai sune hukumomi a Habasha, Myanmar, da Indiya waɗanda suka rufe ayyukansu na Intanet a cikin 2021 don murkushe adawa da samun ikon siyasa a kan 'yan ƙasarsu. Hakazalika, hare-haren bama-bamai na Isra'ila a zirin Gaza ya lalata hasumiya ta wayar tarho da ke tallafawa muhimman ababen more rayuwa na sadarwa da dakunan labarai na Al Jazeera da Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press.

A halin da ake ciki, gwamnatoci a kasashe 22 sun iyakance hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri. Misali, a Pakistan, hukumomi sun hana shiga Facebook, Twitter, da TikTok gabanin zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. A wasu ƙasashe, jami'ai sun ci gaba ta hanyar haramta amfani da cibiyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu (VPNs) ko kuma toshe hanyar shiga su.

Tasiri mai rudani

A cikin 2021, Babban Rapporteur Clement Voule ya ba da rahoto a Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR) cewa rufewar Intanet yanzu “yana dadewa” kuma “yana zama da wahala a gano shi.” Ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan hanyoyin ba su keɓanta ga gwamnatocin kama-karya ba. An rubuta abubuwan rufewa a cikin ƙasashen dimokraɗiyya daidai da fa'ida. A cikin Latin Amurka, alal misali, an yi rikodin hana shiga cikin Nicaragua da Venezuela har zuwa 2018. Duk da haka, tun daga 2018, Colombia, Cuba, da Ecuador sun amince da rufewa dangane da zanga-zangar gama gari.

Hukumomin tsaro na kasa a duniya sun inganta ikon su na "matsala" bandwidth a cikin takamaiman birane da yankuna don hana masu zanga-zangar yin hulɗa da juna kafin lokaci ko lokacin zanga-zangar. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin tilasta bin doka galibi suna yin niyya ta musamman ta kafofin watsa labarun da aikace-aikacen saƙo. Bugu da kari, an ci gaba da katse hanyoyin shiga Intanet yayin bala'in COVID-19 kuma ya kalubalanci damar mutane zuwa muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya. 

Daskarewar Intanet da wayar hannu sun kasance tare da wasu matakan takaitawa, kamar lalata 'yan jarida da masu kare hakkin bil'adama yayin bala'in. La'antar jama'a daga ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da G7 bai yi wani abin da ya hana wannan al'ada ba. Duk da haka, an sha samun wasu nasarori a shari'a, kamar lokacin da Kotun Al'ummar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) ta yanke hukuncin rufe Intanet a shekarar 2017 a Togo ya sabawa doka. Duk da haka, yana da shakku cewa irin waɗannan dabarun za su hana gwamnatoci ci gaba da yin amfani da takunkumin Intanet.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙuntataccen Intanet

Faɗin abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙuntataccen Intanet na iya haɗawa da: 

• Ƙarin hasarar tattalin arziƙin da aka samu ta hanyar rugujewar kasuwanci da iyakacin damar samun sabis na kuɗi.
• Ƙarin rikice-rikice a cikin mahimman ayyuka kamar samun damar kiwon lafiya, aiki mai nisa, da ilimi, yana haifar da matsalar tattalin arziki.
• Gwamnonin kama-karya da ke rike da madafun iko yadda ya kamata ta hanyar sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa.
• Ƙungiyoyin zanga-zangar neman hanyoyin sadarwar layi-layi, yana haifar da raguwar watsa bayanai.
• Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana aiwatar da ka'idojin Intanet na hana ƙuntatawa na duniya da kuma hukunta ƙasashe membobin da ba su bi ba.
• Ingantattun shirye-shiryen karatun na dijital sun zama masu mahimmanci a makarantu da wuraren aiki don kewaya mahallin Intanet mai ƙuntatawa, yana haifar da mafi kyawun masu amfani.
• Canja dabarun kasuwancin duniya don daidaitawa da rarrabuwar kasuwannin Intanet, yana haifar da nau'ikan ayyukan aiki iri-iri.
• Haɓaka haɓakawa da amfani da madadin fasahar sadarwa, azaman martani ga ƙuntatawa ta Intanet, haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan hulɗar dijital.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Wadanne abubuwa ne suka faru na rufewar Intanet a kasarku?
• Menene sakamakon dogon lokaci na wannan ɗabi'a?