ʻO ka microbiome i hoʻomohala ʻia: hoʻololi i ka bacteria no ke olakino

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 8, 2023

Aia ka microbiome i nā microorganism i loko o kahi kaiapuni. Hiki i ka hoʻololi genetically i ka microbiome ke kōkua i ke kāohi a hōʻike i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona a hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e ʻimi ana i nā noi kūpono i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, olakino, a me ka maikaʻi.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili microbiome i hoʻomohala ʻia

ʻO ka gut microbiome, ke kaiāulu o nā microorganism i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, he hana koʻikoʻi i ke olakino. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hou e hiki i ka microbiome ʻōpū ke hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi autoimmune, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi maʻi cardiovascular, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, a me ke kaumaha. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke koena o kēia kaiaola maʻalahi e nā kumu like ʻole e like me ka meaʻai a me nā lāʻau antibiotic, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana. 

Ke nānā nei kekahi mau mea noiʻi i nā microbiome hoʻololi genetically e hoʻonui i ko lākou manawa ola a hiki ke hoʻololi. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana nā kānaka ʻepekema ma Texas A&M University i ka pilina symbiotic o kahi hua bacteria, E. coli, a me ka roundworm e hana genetically i ka microbiome o ka ilo i ka makahiki 2021. Ua ʻike lākou i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā genes fluorescence-suppressing i loko o ka plasmid o E. coli, ʻo nā ilo nāna i ʻai ia mea e pau ka hōʻike ʻana i ka fluorescence. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻouka maikaʻi nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Kapalakiko i nā maʻi hopu bacteria me ka CRISPR gene editing system e holoi i nā chromosomes i loko o E. coli.

I ka makahiki 2018, ua hana nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo Harvard e hana i ka bacteria e kamaʻilio e hoʻonohonoho a hoʻomalu iā lākou i ka lokahi. Ua hoʻolauna lākou i nā kaʻapuni genetic mea hōʻailona a me ka pane e hoʻokuʻu a ʻike i kahi hui hui i ʻelua ʻano bacteria. I ka wā i hānai ʻia ai nā ʻiole i kēia mau maʻi bacteria, ua hōʻike ka ʻōpū o nā ʻiole āpau i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona, ​​​​e hōʻoia ana i ka holomua o ka kamaʻilio ʻana o ka bacteria. Ke hoʻomau nei ka pahuhopu i ka hana ʻana i kahi microbiome synthetic me nā bacteria engineered i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka i kūpono i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o lākou iho i ka wā e hana ana i kā lākou mau hana. 

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia 

ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻoponopono gene e hoʻoponopono i ka microbiome o ka ʻōpū e hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā imbalances e hāʻawi ana i nā pilikia olakino. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka noiʻi hou ke ʻike i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka. Ma o ka genetically engineering bacteria i ʻike ʻia he pono no ke olakino ʻōpū, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou no nā maʻi like ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻōpū, me ka maʻi inflammatory bowel, irritable bowel syndrome, a me ka momona. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻano lapaʻau hou no ka maʻi diabetes ma muli o ke ʻano ʻole o ka hormonal. 

ʻO kahi kumu e maʻalahi ai ka maʻi bacteria i ka genetically manipulate ma muli o kā lākou ʻano DNA. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana DNA i kapa ʻia he plasmids me nā mea nui o ka DNA i kapa ʻia nā chromosomes. Hiki i nā Plasmids ke hana kope iā lākou iho a liʻiliʻi nā genes ma mua o nā chromosomes, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻololi ʻana me nā mea hana genetic. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana DNA mai nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i loko o nā plasmids bacteria.

Ke hana nā plasmids i kope iā lākou iho, hana pū lākou i nā kope o nā genes i hoʻohui ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo transgenes. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻohui ʻia kahi gene kanaka no ka hana ʻana i ka insulin i kahi plasmid, ʻoiai e hana ana ka bacteria i nā kope o ka plasmid, hana pū ia i nā kope hou aku o ka gene insulin. Ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau genes, hoʻonui ia i ka insulin. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ka poʻe ʻepekema he lōʻihi loa kēia hiki ma muli o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o nā microbiome. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā haʻawina o kēia manawa ke loaʻa kekahi mau noi i ka mālama pest, hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi holoholona. 

Nā hopena o nā microbiome i hoʻomohala ʻia

ʻO nā hopena ākea o ka ʻenekinia genetic kūleʻa o ka microbiome i loko o nā kaiapuni he nui paha ka:

• Hoʻonui ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea hana hoʻoponopono gene, e like me CRISPR.
• Ke wehe nei i nā mea hou no ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels, nā meaʻai, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ma o ka hana ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria hou i kūpono no nā hana kikoʻī.
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e hoʻopaʻa ʻole i ka bacteria. 
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoihoi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino a me ka maʻi maʻi, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka microbiome ʻōpū o ke kanaka.
• ʻO nā pilikia kūpono i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka bacteria e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka microbiome o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, manaʻo paha ʻoe e hiki koke ana kāna ʻenekini genetic piha?
• Pehea ʻoe e wānana ai i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ia mau kaʻina hana?