Microbiome e entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso: Ho fetola libaktheria bakeng sa bophelo bo botle

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• March 8, 2023

Microbiome e na le likokoana-hloko tse tikolohong e itseng. Ho fetola microbiome ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka thusa ho hatella kapa ho bonts'a mekhoa e itseng le ho fana ka kalafo, ho fumana lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tse sebetsang makaleng a temo, bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle.

Boemo ba microbiome bo entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso

The gut microbiome, sechaba sa likokoana-hloko ka maleng a motho, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong bo botle. Liphuputso tsa morao tjena li bontšitse hore microbiome ea mala e ka ama maloetse a ikemetseng, lefu la tsoekere, kankere, lefu la pelo, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, esita le ho tepella maikutlong. Leha ho le joalo, ho leka-lekana ha tikoloho ena e pshatlehileng ho ka sitisoa ke lintho tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang lijo le lithibela-mafu, tse etsang hore ho be thata ho e tsosolosa. 

Bafuputsi ba 'maloa ba ntse ba shebana le li-microbiome tse fetolang liphatsa tsa lefutso ho eketsa menyetla ea bona ea ho phela le ho ikamahanya le maemo. Mohlala, bo-rasaense ba Univesithi ea Texas A&M ba sebelisitse kamano ea symbiotic ea baktheria, E. coli, le seboko ho etsa liphatsa tsa lefutso microbiome ea seboko ka 2021. Ba hlokometse hore ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hatellang fluorescence li kenngoa ka har'a plasmid ea E. coli, liboko tse e jang li ne li tla khaotsa ho bontša fluorescence. Selemong sona seo, bo-rasaense ba Univesithi ea California San Francisco ba atlehile ho kenya likokoana-hloko tse tsomang libaktheria ka mokhoa oa ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso oa CRISPR ho hlakola li-chromosome ka har'a E. coli.

Morao koana ka 2018, bafuputsi ba Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Harvard ba sebelitse ho etsa hore libaktheria li buisane ho li hokahanya le ho li laola ka kutloano. Ba hlahisitse li-circuits tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le tse arabelang ho lokolla le ho lemoha quorum ea motsoako ka mefuta e 'meli ea libaktheria. Ha litoeba li fepeloa libaktheria tsena, mala a litoeba tsohle a ne a bontša matšoao a phetiso ea matšoao, a tiisang puisano e atlehileng ea libaktheria. Sepheo e ntse e le ho theha microbiome ea maiketsetso e nang le libaktheria tse entsoeng ka maleng a motho tse sebetsang hantle ho buisana ha li ntse li etsa mesebetsi ea tsona. 

Tšusumetso e senyang 

Ho lekola bokhoni ba ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho laola gut microbiome ho ka sebetsana le ho se leka-lekane ho tlatsetsang litabeng tse fapaneng tsa bophelo bo botle. Mohlala, lipatlisiso tse ling li ka sibolla ho fana ka kalafo ho lokisa ho se leka-lekane ha baktheria maleng a motho a rarahaneng. Ka libaktheria tsa boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tsejoang li le molemo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba mala, bo-ramahlale ba ka theha liphekolo tse ncha bakeng sa mafu a fapaneng a amanang le mala, ho kenyelletsa le lefu la mala a ho ruruha, lefu la mala a halefisang, esita le botenya. E boetse e lumella mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo ea lefu la tsoekere ka lebaka la ho se leka-lekane ha li-hormone. 

Lebaka le leng leo ka lona libaktheria li leng bonolo ho li laola ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ke ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona sa DNA. Likokoana-hloko tsena tse nyenyane li na le likotoana tsa DNA tse bitsoang li- plasmids ho phaella likarolong tse ka sehloohong tsa DNA tse bitsoang li-chromosome. Li-Plasmid li ka iketsetsa likopi tsa tsona 'me li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fokolang ho feta li-chromosome, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho li fetola ka lisebelisoa tsa lefutso. Ka ho khetheha, likotoana tsa DNA tse tsoang linthong tse ling li ka kenngoa ka har'a plasmids ea baktheria.

Ha li-plasmid li iketsetsa likopi, li boetse li etsa likopi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ekelitsoeng, tse bitsoang transgenes. Mohlala, haeba phatsa ea lefutso ea motho bakeng sa ho etsa insulin e eketsoa ho plasmid, kaha baktheria e etsa likopi tsa plasmid, e boetse e etsa likopi tse ling tsa lefutso la insulin. Ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena li sebelisoa, li hlahisa insulin e ngata. Leha ho le joalo, bo-rasaense ba lumellana hore monyetla ona o ntse o le hōle ka lebaka la ho rarahana ho hoholo ha likokoana-hloko. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa morao-rao li ka boela tsa e-ba le mekhoa e mengata ea ho laola likokoanyana, ho matlafatsa kholo ea limela, le ho hlahloba mafu a liphoofolo. 

Liphello tsa li-microbiomes tse entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa boenjiniere bo atlehileng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa microbiome ka har'a libaka tse ngata li ka kenyelletsa:

• Lipatlisiso tse ekelitsoeng ho lisebelisoa tsa ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso, joalo ka CRISPR.
• Ho bula menyetla e mecha ea ho hlahisa biofuel, lijo, le lihlahisoa tse ling ka ho theha mefuta e mecha ea baktheria e loketseng mesebetsi e itseng.
• Ho fokotseha ha tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu tse hlaselang libaktheria ntle le khethollo. 
• Thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea meriana le tlhahlobo ea motho ka mong, moo liphekolo li lokisoang ho ipapisitsoe le microbiome ea motho.
• Likotsi tse ka bang teng ho ata ha libaktheria tse ka eketsang ketsahalo ea mafu a mang.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha microbiome ea mala a motho, na u nahana hore boenjiniere ba eona bo felletseng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo tla khonahala haufinyane?
• U bolela esale pele hore na lits'ebetso tse joalo li tla bitsa chelete e kae?