Hele kālepa nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole: Aloha ʻike pilikino, aloha pilikino

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• March 17, 2023

ʻO nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole (ZKPs) i hoʻopuni ʻia no kekahi manawa, akā i kēia manawa ua lilo lākou i mea kaulana a kūʻai aku. ʻO kēia hoʻomohala ʻana ma muli o ka holomua o ka ʻenehana blockchain a me ka pono o ka pilikino a me ka palekana. Me nā ZKP, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻike kanaka me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i ka ʻike pilikino.

Nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole e hele ana i ka pōʻaiapili pāʻoihana

Ma ka cryptography (ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio paʻa), ʻo ZKP kahi ala no kekahi ʻaoʻao (ka prover) e hōʻike i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe (ka mea hōʻoia) he ʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i ka ʻike hou. He maʻalahi ka hōʻoia ʻana he ʻike ko ke kanaka inā hōʻike ʻo ia i kēlā ʻike. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ʻike me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ia ʻike. No ka mea, ʻo ke kaumaha wale nō ke hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole koi nā protocol ZKP i nā ʻikepili koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe. Aia ʻekolu ʻano nui o ZKP:

• ʻO ka mea mua he pāʻani, kahi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ka mea hōʻoia i kekahi ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ke ʻano o nā hana i hana ʻia e ka prover. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina o nā hana i nā ZKP pili i nā manaʻo likelika me nā noi makemakika. 
• ʻO ka lua o ke ʻano he non-interactive, kahi e hiki ai i ka prover ke hōʻike i ko lākou ʻike i kekahi mea me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i ia mea. Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka hōʻoia i ka mea hōʻoia me ka ʻole o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o lākou. Hiki i ka mea hōʻoia ke hōʻoia ua hana pololei ʻia ka hōʻoia ma ka nānā ʻana ua hana pololei ʻia ka simulation o kā lākou pilina. 
• ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka zk-SNARKs (Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments of Knowledge) kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana mau ʻia e hōʻoia i nā kālepa. Hoʻokomo ka hoʻohālikelike quadratic i ka ʻikepili lehulehu a me ka pilikino i loko o ka hōʻoia. Hiki i ka mea hōʻoia ke nānā i ka pono o ke kālepa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻike.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

Nui nā hihia hoʻohana no nā ZKP ma waena o nā ʻoihana. ʻO ka mea hoʻohiki nui loa e pili ana i ke kālā, ka mālama ola kino, ka pāpili kaiapili, ka e-commerce, ka pāʻani a me ka leʻaleʻa, a me nā hōʻiliʻili e like me nā hōʻailona non-fungible (NFT). ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ZKP ʻo ia ka scalable a me ka pilikino pilikino, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i hopena kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana a me ka inoa ʻole. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hack a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana ma mua o nā ʻano hōʻoia kuʻuna, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho kūpono no nā noi nui. No kekahi poʻe kuleana, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ke aupuni i ka ʻikepili ka mea hopohopo nui no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ZKP e hūnā i ka ʻike mai nā keʻena aupuni. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ZKP no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili mai nā ʻoihana ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, nā paepae media, nā panakō, a me nā crypto-wallets.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka ZKP ke hiki i nā kānaka ʻelua ke kaʻana like i ka ʻike me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike pilikino i mea kūpono i kā lākou noi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi decentralized (dApps). ʻO kahi noiʻi 2022 i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Mina Foundation (kahi hui ʻenehana blockchain) i hōʻike ʻia ua pālahalaha ʻia ka ʻike o ka ʻoihana crypto e pili ana i nā ZKP, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea pane e manaʻoʻiʻo he mea nui loa ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. He hoʻololi koʻikoʻi kēia ʻike mai nā makahiki i hala aku nei, kahi o ZKP he manaʻo manaʻo wale nō i hiki ke loaʻa i nā cryptographers. Ua luhi ka Mina Foundation i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hihia hoʻohana o ZKP ma Web3 a me ka Metaverse. I Malaki 2022, ua loaʻa iā Mina ke kālā he $92 miliona no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā talena hou e hana i ka ʻoihana Web3 i ʻoi aku ka palekana a me ka demokalaka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ZKP.

ʻO nā hopena ākea o nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole 

ʻO nā hopena paha o nā ZKP e hele ana i ka ʻoihana ke komo pū: 

• ʻO ka ʻāpana kālā decentralized (DeFi) e hoʻohana ana i ka ZKP no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hana kālā i nā crypto-exchanges, wallets, a me nā API (nā polokalamu hoʻonohonoho noiʻi).
• Hoʻohui mālie nā ʻoihana ma waena o nā ʻoihana i ka ZKP i kā lākou pūnaewele cybersecurity ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi papa cybersecurity ZKP i loko o kā lākou ʻaoʻao log-in, nā pūnaewele i hoʻohele ʻia, a me nā kaʻina hana e komo ai i nā faila.
• Ua kaupalena ʻia a pāpā ʻia paha nā polokalamu kelepona mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻikepili pilikino (makahiki, wahi, leka uila, etc.) no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana.
• ʻO kā lākou noi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā kānaka e komo i nā lawelawe aupuni (e laʻa, mālama olakino, penikala, etc.) a me nā hana aupuni (e laʻa, helu helu, loiloi koho).
• ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻenehana loea i ka cryptography a me nā hōʻailona e ʻike nei i ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi a me nā manawa ʻoihana no nā hoʻonā ZKP.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• Makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana iā ZKP ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike pilikino?
• Pehea ʻoe e manaʻo ai e hoʻololi kēia protocol i kā mākou hana ʻana ma ka pūnaewele?