Ubufakazi bokungabi nalwazi buyathengiswa: Sala kahle idatha yomuntu siqu, sawubona ubumfihlo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 17, 2023

Ubufakazi be-Zero-knowledge (ZKPs) sebunesikhathi eside bukhona, kodwa manje sebethandwa kakhulu futhi bathengiswa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain kanye nesidingo sobumfihlo nokuphepha okukhulu. Ngama-ZKP, ubunikazi babantu ekugcineni bungaqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokunikeza ulwazi lomuntu siqu.

Ubufakazi bokungabi nalwazi kokuhamba ngezentengiso

Ku-cryptography (ucwaningo lwamasu okuxhumana avikelekile), i-ZKP iyindlela yokuthi iqembu elilodwa (isaga) libonise elinye iqembu (umqinisekisi) ukuthi okuthile kuyiqiniso kuyilapho linganikezi ulwazi olwengeziwe. Kulula ukufakazela ukuthi umuntu unolwazi uma eluveza lolo lwazi. Nokho, ingxenye eyinselele kakhulu iwukufakazela ukuba nalolo lwazi ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi luyini lolo lwazi. Ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo uwukufakazela ukuba nolwazi kuphela, izivumelwano ze-ZKP ngeke zidinge noma iyiphi enye idatha ebucayi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ZKP:

• Eyokuqala iwukuxhumana, lapho oqinisekisayo eqiniseka ngeqiniso elithile ngemva kochungechunge lwezenzo ezenziwa yisaga. Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kuma-ZKP asebenzisanayo kuxhunywe kumibono yamathuba nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezibalo. 
• Uhlobo lwesibili yi-non-interactive, lapho isaga singabonisa khona ukuthi kukhona abakwaziyo ngaphandle kokudalula ukuthi kuyini. Ubufakazi bungathunyelwa kumqinisekisi ngaphandle kokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Isiqinisekisi singahlola ukuthi ubufakazi benziwe ngendlela efanele ngokubheka ukuthi ukulingisa ukusebenzisana kwabo kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. 
• Okokugcina, i-zk-SNARKs (Izimpikiswano Ezingaxubani Non-Interactive Zolwazi) iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe okwenziwayo. I-quadratic equation ihlanganisa idatha yomphakathi neyimfihlo ebufakazini. Isiqinisekisi singabe sesihlola ukufaneleka kokwenziwayo sisebenzisa lolu lwazi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Kunezigameko ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa ama-ZKP kuzo zonke izimboni. Okuthembisa kakhulu kuhlanganisa ezezimali, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, inkundla yezokuxhumana, i-e-commerce, amageyimu nokuzijabulisa, kanye nokuqoqwa okufana namathokheni angenasikhunta (NFTs). Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-ZKP ukuthi iyanwebeka futhi iyimfihlo, okuyenza ibe yisixazululo esikahle sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha nokungaziwa. Kunzima futhi ukugqekeza noma ukuphambana nazo kunezindlela zokuqinisekisa ezijwayelekile, okuzenza zibe inketho esebenza kangcono yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu. Kwabanye ababambiqhaza, ukufinyelela kukahulumeni kudatha yikona okukhathaza kakhulu ngoba ama-ZKP angasetshenziswa ukufihla ulwazi kuma-ejensi kazwelonke. Kodwa-ke, ama-ZKP angasetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela idatha ezinkampanini zangaphandle, izinkundla zokuxhumana, amabhange, kanye ne-crypto-wallets.

Khonamanjalo, ikhono le-ZKPs lokuvumela abantu ababili ukuthi babelane ngolwazi ngokuphephile kuyilapho kugcinwa ulwazi olushiwo luyimfihlo lenza uhlelo lwabo lokusebenza lulungele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukaniselwe amazwe (dApps). Inhlolovo yango-2022 eyenziwa yiMina Foundation (inkampani yezobuchwepheshe ye-blockchain) yahlola ukuthi ukuqonda kwemboni ye-crypto ngama-ZKP kwakusabalele, futhi iningi labaphendulile likholelwa ukuthi kuzoba kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu okutholakele kuwushintsho oluphawulekayo kusukela eminyakeni edlule, lapho ama-ZKP ayewumqondo nje wasetiyetha ofinyeleleka kuphela kuma-cryptographer. I-Mina Foundation ibimatasa ikhombisa amacala okusetshenziswa kwe-ZKPs ku-Web3 kanye ne-Metaverse. NgoMashi 2022, uMina wathola uxhaso lwemali engu-USD $92 wezigidi ukuze aqashe ithalente elisha ukuze enze ingqalasizinda yeWeb3 ivikeleke kakhudlwana futhi ibe nentando yeningi isebenzisa ama-ZKP.

Imithelela ebanzi yobufakazi obungenalwazi 

Imithelela engaba khona yokuthi ama-ZKP ahwebe angafaka: 

• Umkhakha wezezimali omisiwe (i-DeFi) usebenzisa i-ZKP ukuqinisa ukuthengiselana kwezezimali kuma-crypto-exchanges, ama-wallet, nama-API (izixhumanisi zokuhlela izinhlelo zokusebenza).
• Izinkampani kuzo zonke izimboni zihlanganisa kancane kancane i-ZKP ezinhlelweni zazo ze-cybersecurity ngokwengeza isendlalelo se-cybersecurity ye-ZKP emakhasini abo okungena ngemvume, amanethiwekhi asabalalisiwe, kanye nezinqubo zokufinyelela amafayela.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zama-smartphone kancane kancane ziyanqunyelwa noma zivinjelwe ekuqoqeni idatha yomuntu siqu (iminyaka yobudala, indawo, amakheli e-imeyili, njll.) ukuze ubhalise/ungene.
• Isicelo sabo ekuqinisekiseni abantu ukuthi bathole izinsiza zomphakathi (isb., ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, impesheni, njll.) kanye nemisebenzi kahulumeni (isb., ukubalwa kwabantu, ukucwaningwa kwabavoti).
• Amafemu ezobuchwepheshe agxile ekubhalweni kwemfihlo kanye namathokheni ahlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo namathuba ebhizinisi ezisombululo ze-ZKP.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungathanda ukusebenzisa i-ZKP esikhundleni sokunikeza ulwazi lomuntu siqu?
• Ucabanga ukuthi le phrothokholi izoshintsha kanjani futhi indlela esenza ngayo ukuthengiselana ku-inthanethi?