Forced obsolescence: Puas yog kev xyaum ua tej yam tawg thaum kawg mus txog qhov tawg?

• Author:
• Tus sau lub npe

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Kaum ib hlis 1, 2021

Forced obsolescence, qhov twg cov khoom tsim los ua dhau los lossis tsis ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag ntau thiab ib puag ncig. Hauv kev cuam tshuam rau cov nqi thiab cov khoom pov tseg tsim los ntawm qhov kev coj ua no, cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom mus rau tsoomfwv tau thawb rov qab, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv xws li "txoj cai kho" cov cai. Cov kev hloov pauv no tseem cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam kev sib tw, kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog, thiab kev cia siab, nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua lag luam mus rau kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis.

Forced obsolescence ntsiab lus

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev quab yuam obsolescence, qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam txhob txwm tsim lawv cov khoom los ua tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm tom qab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov neeg soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb tau thuam qhov kev txwv no rau kev txwv cov neeg siv khoom lub peev xwm los kho lawv cov khoom, feem ntau vim tias cov khoom siv hloov pauv feem ntau tsis txaus siab lossis nrhiav nyuaj. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2020, Tsoomfwv Fab Kis tau nplua Apple USD $ 27.3 lab rau kev txhob txwm ua kom qeeb iPhone cov qauv qub los ntawm kev hloov kho software, kev coj ua hu ua "throttling." Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsuas yog qhia txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev npaj ua tsis tiav tab sis kuj qhia tau tias muaj kev saib xyuas kev tswj hwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom rov qab.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim khoom loj dhau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab, nthuav tawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig. Tshwj xeeb, United Nations (UN) tau tshaj tawm tias nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los, tau muaj 21 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (e-kua pov tseg) los ntawm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis pov tseg hauv qhov chaw pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog 17.4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khib nyiab no tau sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab. 

Qhov kev muaj koob meej ntawm Txoj Cai Kho Mob yog muab qee qhov kev tswj hwm rov qab rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom txhais tes. Pib txij xyoo 2021, EU xav kom cov neeg tsim khoom siv khoom siv los muab cov khoom seem mus txog 10 xyoo. Hauv Fab Kis, txij li Lub Ib Hlis 2021, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum tam sim no muab "kev kho" cov ntawv teev npe ntawm lawv lub xov tooj smartphones thiab laptops. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum koom nrog nyiaj txiag kev lag luam, Digital Right to Repair Coalition, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2013 los tos txais txoj cai lij choj uas txhawb kom kho tsis tau. tsuas yog rau cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv kho mob xws li pacemakers thiab cov khoom siv hnov ​​​​lus.

Kev cuam tshuam

Rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab, kev yuam kev dhau los tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom, vim lawv nquag xav hloov cov khoom uas tau txhob txwm tsim los ua tsis tau lossis dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov lag luam thib ob uas muaj zog, qhov twg cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav khoom siv uas khaws lawv cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau ua piv txwv, xav txog kev ua lag luam smartphone qhov twg cov qauv hloov tshiab txhua xyoo thiab txhob txwm ua kom qeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej qub feem ntau yuam cov neeg siv khoom hloov kho. 

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, yuam obsolescence cuam tshuam cov evolution ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev sib tw. Thaum nws tsav tsheb tsis tu ncua kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, nws kuj tsim kom muaj lub zog tsis txaus siab rau cov tuam txhab loj uas tuaj yeem nqis peev hauv cov khoom lag luam tas li. Cov tuam txhab me me yuav pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev sib tw yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom lag luam lub neej voj voog. Piv txwv li, Apple thiab Samsung tso tawm cov qauv tshiab ntawm lawv cov khoom siv txhua xyoo. Cov tuam txhab me uas tsis muaj cov peev txheej los ua raws li kev txhim kho sai thiab kev tso tawm yuav tawm tsam kom tswj hwm lawv txoj kev lag luam.

Thaum kawg, thaum txoj cai teb tau me ntsis tawg, muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim "txoj cai kho" cov cai, uas tswj hwm cov tuam txhab ua kom lawv cov khoom kho tau zoo dua thiab muab cov khoom seem rau lub sijhawm ntev dua. Ib qho kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv 2021 thaum European Union (EU) tau siv ntau txoj cai kho kom raug raws li European Green Deal, txhawm rau txhawb kev ruaj khov. Txoj cai lij choj no yuam cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom lag luam uas yooj yim kho, rov siv dua, thiab rov ua dua tshiab.

Cov ntawv thov rau kev quab yuam obsolescence 

Qee qhov kev lag luam uas tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm kev quab yuam obsolescence pushback suav nrog:

• Kev kho cov khw muag khoom muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv raws li kev kho dua tshiab tau dhau los.
• Cov neeg siv khoom tsim cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev noj haus-tsav kev ua neej.
• Cov pej xeem ntsib kev poob qis hauv kev ntseeg siab rau cov tuam txhab loj, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev tsis txaus siab vim lawv xav tau cov khoom lag luam ntau dua thiab kev pom tseeb hauv cov khoom lag luam lifecycles.
• Kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua lag luam xav tau, vim tias kev lag luam tsom mus rau kev kho cov khoom thiab kev saib xyuas yuav pom kev lag luam ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hauj lwm hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab kev tsim kho tshiab tseem yuav pom kev loj hlob exponential.
• Kev sib faib digital nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, uas cov pej xeem yuav tsis muaj peev txheej los hloov kho lawv cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv mus. 
• Kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tsom mus rau kev hloov pauv ntxiv ntau dua li kev hloov pauv lossis kev hloov pauv tshiab, vim tias cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm cov qauv tshiab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho.
• Cov tsoomfwv tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab los tsim thiab tswj cov cai uas sib npaug ntawm cov neeg siv khoom txoj cai, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, ua rau muaj kev tsim cai lij choj thiab kev tswj xyuas cov khoom lag luam lifecycles thiab kev tsim khoom.
• Kev thawb ntau dua rau kev tsim thiab siv cov qauv kev lag luam ncig, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau cov khoom lag luam ntev, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab kho dua tshiab, ua rau muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kev lag luam thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua thiab cov qauv tsim khoom.

Cov lus nug los tawm tswv yim

• Koj cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis lossis cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev npaum li cas? Koj puas tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom koj yuav hauv xyoo dhau los piv rau cov khoom tsis ntev los no?
• Koj puas xav kho cov khoom es tsis txhob yuav khoom tshiab? Vim li cas los yog vim li cas ho tsis?