Kutentha kotentha kwanyengo: Moto watsopano wachilendo

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 13, 2021

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kukula kwavuto lakusintha kwanyengo, komwe kumadziwika ndi kukwera kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kusintha kwanyengo, kukupangitsa kuti moto wolusa uwonjezeke padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyaka moto kumeneku sikumangosokoneza zachilengedwe komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe komanso kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku malo okhala anthu, zomwe zimafuna kusintha momwe timamangira ndi kusamalira nyumba ndi mabizinesi athu. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi moto wamtchire wokhudzidwa ndi nyengozi zikuphatikiza kusamuka kwa anthu kutali ndi madera omwe amakonda moto, mavuto azachuma chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zidasokonekera, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wozindikira moto, komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike paumoyo wokhudzana ndi mpweya wabwino.

Zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo komwe kumayambitsa moto wolusa

Bungwe la United Nations’ (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) linanena m’chaka cha 2021 kuti kusintha kwa nyengo n’kosapeweka ndiponso sikungathetsedwe. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse kumathamanga kwambiri kuposa momwe asayansi ananeneratu poyambirira, ndipo mfundo yosabwereranso ikufika zaka khumi mofulumira. Zowopsa zanyengo zambiri zomwe sizinachitikepo zikutsimikizira zomwe zapezedwazi. Mwachitsanzo, moto wolusa wasakaza ku California ndi Greece, ndipo mayiko angapo akuvutika ndi kutentha kwambiri, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi chilala. 

Akatswiri akhala akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, mawu a IPCC ndi omveka bwino: Pali kugwirizana “kosakayikira” pakati pa kutentha kwa dziko ndi nyengo yoopsa ndi zoopsa za nyengo, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa moto wolusa padziko lonse. Momwemonso, akatswiri ena amakayikira ngati chirimwe cha 2021 chidachitika kamodzi kapena ngati pali njira yatsopano yanyengo yoopsa.  

Mu 2021, dziko lonse lapansi lidayaka moto m'zigawo zingapo monga California, Greece, Turkey, ndi Sakha Republic ya Siberia. Tsoka ilo, moto wolusawo wakhala ndi zotulukapo zowononga miyoyo ya anthu. Mwachitsanzo, moto wolusa ku Turkey unachititsa kuti anthu masauzande ambiri achoke m’nyumba zawo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, moto wolusa ku Siberia wakhala ukuyaka kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo utsi wafika ku North Pole. Ku Greece, moto wolusa ukuwopsyeza malo akale, kuwotcha nyumba ndi nkhalango zazikulu za dzikolo. 

Zosokoneza 

Pamene moto wolusa ukuwononga nkhalango, umasokoneza malo okhala zamoyo zambirimbiri, zomwe zikuchititsa kuchepa kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo kumeneku kukhoza kusokoneza mgwirizano wa chilengedwe, kumabweretsa zotsatira zosayembekezereka monga kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango kungayambitse kukokoloka kwa nthaka, komwe kungapangitse kusefukira kwa madzi komanso kugumuka kwa nthaka, kusokoneza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso kubweretsa zoopsa ku malo okhala anthu.

Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha moto wolusa kumafuna kusintha momwe timamangira ndi kukonza nyumba ndi mabizinesi athu. Eni nyumba, makamaka omwe ali m'madera omwe nthawi zambiri amawotcha, angafunike kugulitsa zinthu zosagwira moto komanso kukonza malo kuti ateteze malo awo. Makampani, makamaka omwe ali m'gawo laulimi ndi nkhalango, angafunike kusintha machitidwe awo kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha moto wolusa komanso kuti ntchito zawo zizikhala zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, atha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcha mowongolera kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kuyaka ndikuyikapo mbewu zolimba.

Maboma angafunike kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pothana ndi ngozi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi moto wolusa. Kuwongolera uku kungaphatikizepo kupanga njira zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupewa, kukonzekera, kuyankha, ndi kuchira. Maboma athanso kuyika ndalama zawo pantchito yokonza zida zochepetsera ngozi zamoto, monga kukonza ma gridi amagetsi kuti pasakhale cheche zomwe zingayatse moto. Kuonjezera apo, iwo angapereke chilimbikitso kwa anthu ndi mabizinesi kuti azitsatira njira zotetezera moto.

Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo chifukwa cha moto wolusa

Zotsatira zazikulu za moto wolusa wobwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo zitha kukhala:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu othawa kwawo chifukwa cha nyengo omwe adzafunika kusamalidwa ndipo potsirizira pake asamutsire kumadera omwe alibe moto.
• Maboma akusintha zida za anthu kuti zisamawotche kwambiri ndi moto komanso zida zatsopano zozimitsa moto, magalimoto, ndi anthu ogwira ntchito chaka chonse.
• Makampani a inshuwaransi amasiya pang'onopang'ono kuti apereke inshuwaransi yamoto m'madera omwe amapezeka ndi moto, zomwe zimakhudza kumene mabizinesi ndi anthu amasankha kukhazikika.
• Anthu akuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuchoka kumadera omwe nthawi zambiri amawotchedwa ndi kukhazikika m'madera omwe ali otetezedwa ndi nyengo. 
• Mavuto azachuma omwe amapatutsa ndalama kuchokera kumadera ena ovuta monga maphunziro ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo, komanso kukhudza thanzi lazachuma ladziko lonse.
• Kupanga njira zapamwamba zowunikira moto ndi kupondereza.
• Kufunika kwakukulu kwa akatswiri m'magawo okhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka moto wamtchire ndi kuchira, monga nkhalango, kuyankha mwadzidzidzi, ndi kubwezeretsa chilengedwe.
• Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zomera, zomwe zingasokoneze kupezeka kwa madzi ndi ubwino wake, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kusowa kwa madzi.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala opumira pomwe mtundu wa mpweya ukukulirakulira.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi pakhazikitsidwe malamulo okhwima omanga nyumba zosagwira moto m'madera omwe amakonda kupsa ndi moto? 
• Kodi inu kapena anthu omwe mumawadziwa mwakhudzidwa ndi moto wamtchire kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wanyengo yoopsa?