Kupeza koyamba kwa mankhwala a AI: Kodi maloboti angathandize asayansi kupeza mankhwala atsopano a pharma?

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• August 22, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kukwera mtengo komanso kulephera kwachitukuko pakupanga mankhwala azikhalidwe zikukakamiza makampani opanga mankhwala kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zofufuza komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. AI ikusintha makampaniwo pozindikira mwachangu zomwe akufuna kutsata ndikupereka chithandizo chamunthu payekha. Kusintha kumeneku kolowera ku AI kukusinthanso kaonekedwe kazamankhwala, kuchoka pakusintha ntchito za akatswiri opangira mankhwala kupita ku kuyambitsa mikangano pazaufulu waukadaulo wa AI.

AI-yoyamba yopezeka mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ntchito yokhazikika yopangira mankhwala imawononga $ 2.6 biliyoni. Kupsyinjika ndikwambiri kwa asayansi, chifukwa 9 mwa 10 ochiritsira omwe akufuna kuti athandizidwe samafikira kuvomerezedwa. Zotsatira zake, makampani azamankhwala akuyika ndalama movutikira m'mapulatifomu a AI m'ma 2020s kuti achulukitse ukadaulo wofufuza ndikutsitsa mtengo. 

Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wa AI umagwiritsidwa ntchito popeza mankhwala, kuphatikiza kuphunzira pamakina (ML), kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe (NLP), ndi masomphenya apakompyuta. ML imasanthula deta kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zolemba zasayansi, mayesero achipatala, ndi zolemba za odwala. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira njira zomwe zitha kuwonetsa zomwe mukufuna kutsata mankhwala atsopano kapena kupangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala chothandiza kwambiri. NLP, njira yolosera motengera zilankhulo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba deta kuchokera m'mabuku asayansi, omwe amatha kuwunikira njira zatsopano zopangira mankhwala omwe alipo. Pomaliza, masomphenya apakompyuta amasanthula zithunzi za maselo ndi minofu, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira kusintha komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda.

Chitsanzo cha kampani ya pharma yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito AI kupanga mankhwala atsopano ndi Pfizer, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito IBM Watson, dongosolo la ML lomwe lingathe kufufuza kwambiri mankhwala a immuno-oncology. Pakadali pano, Sanofi yochokera ku France adagwirizana ndi UK startup Exscientia kuti apange nsanja ya AI yoyang'ana njira zochiritsira zamatenda a metabolic. Kampani yaku Switzerland ya Roche, Genentech, ikugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka AI kuchokera ku US-based GNS Healthcare kutsogolera kufufuza chithandizo cha khansa. Ku China, kampani yoyambitsa biotech Meta Pharmaceuticals idapeza ndalama zokwana $15-miliyoni zambewu kuti apange chithandizo chamankhwala odziteteza ku matenda pogwiritsa ntchito AI. Kampaniyo idalumikizidwa ndi kampani ina yopezeka ndi mankhwala yothandizidwa ndi AI, Xtalpi.

Zosokoneza

Mwina kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa kupezeka kwa mankhwala a AI koyamba kunali kupanga mankhwala oyamba achire a COVID-19, mankhwala oletsa ma virus otchedwa Remdesivir. Mankhwalawa adadziwika kuti ndi njira yochiritsira kachilomboka ndi ofufuza a Gilead Sciences, kampani ya biotechnology ku California, pogwiritsa ntchito AI. Kampaniyo idagwiritsa ntchito algorithm kusanthula deta kuchokera ku database ya GenBank, yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso pazotsatira zonse za DNA zomwe zimapezeka poyera.

Algorithm iyi idazindikiritsa anthu awiri omwe atha kukhala, omwe Sayansi ya Gileadi idapanga ndikuyesa kachilombo ka COVID-19 mu mbale ya labu. Onse awiri adapezeka kuti ali ndi mphamvu polimbana ndi kachilomboka. M'modzi mwa osankhidwawa adasankhidwa kuti apite patsogolo ndikuyesa nyama ndi anthu. Remdesivir pamapeto pake idapezeka kuti ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza, ndipo idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Kuyambira pamenepo, makampani ndi mabungwe agwirizana kuti apeze chithandizo chambiri cha COVID-19 pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a AI. Mu 2021, makampani 10 adalumikizana kuti apange IMPECCABLE (Integrated Modeling PipelinE for COVID Cure by Assessing Better Leads). Mabungwewa akuphatikiza Rutgers University, University College London, US department of Energy, Leibniz Supercomputing Center, ndi NVIDIA Corporation.

Ntchitoyi ndi payipi yoyerekeza ya AI yomwe ikulonjeza kuti iwonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a COVID-19 azitha kuchulukitsa nthawi 50,000 mwachangu kuposa njira zamakono. IMPECCABLE imaphatikiza ma data osiyanasiyana, kutengera ma data ndi kayesedwe, ndi matekinoloje a ML kuti apange AI yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapatani mu data kuti apange zitsanzo zolosera. Mosiyana ndi njira yanthawi zonse, pomwe asayansi amayenera kuganiza mozama ndikupanga mamolekyu potengera zomwe akudziwa, payipi imeneyi imalola ochita kafukufuku kuti azitha kudziwa okha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, zomwe zikuwonjezera mwayi wopeza munthu amene angamusankhe.

Zotsatira za kupezeka kwa mankhwala kwa AI koyamba

Zotsatira zakukula kwamakampani kutengera njira zopezera mankhwala za AI-zoyamba zingaphatikizepo: 

• Mapulatifomu a AI omwe amangotengera ntchito zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiridwa ndi akatswiri azamankhwala oyambilira, zomwe zimafunikira akatswiriwa kuti aphunzire maluso atsopano kapena kusintha njira zantchito.
• Makampani akuluakulu azamankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito asayansi a robotic kuti afufuze zambiri za majini, matenda, ndi chithandizo, ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko chamankhwala.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa oyambitsa biotech ndi makampani opanga mankhwala kuti apeze mankhwala othandizidwa ndi AI, kukopa ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku mabungwe azachipatala.
• Kuthandizira chithandizo chamankhwala chogwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera achilengedwe, makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la autoimmune.
• Kukambitsirana kokhazikika pazaufulu wazinthu zanzeru za AI pakupeza mankhwala ndi kuyankha pa zolakwika zokhudzana ndi AI mu gawo lazamankhwala.
• Makampani azachipatala akukumana ndi kutsika mtengo kwakukulu pakupanga mankhwala, kulola mitengo yotsika mtengo yamankhwala kwa ogula.
• Kusintha kwa ntchito m'gawo lazamankhwala, ndikugogomezera sayansi ya data ndi ukatswiri wa AI pa chidziwitso chamankhwala.
• Kuthekera kwa zotsatira za thanzi labwino padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha njira zopezera mankhwala mwachangu komanso mwaluso, makamaka m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
• Maboma atha kukhazikitsa mfundo zowonetsetsa kuti anthu apeza mwayi wopeza mankhwala omwe apezeka ndi AI, kupewa kungokhala chete komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi labwino.
• Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kukuchepa chifukwa kupezeka kwa mankhwala oyendetsedwa ndi AI kumachepetsa kufunikira koyesa ndi kuyesa kwa labotale mozama kwambiri.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti kupeza koyamba kwa mankhwala a AI kungasinthe bwanji chisamaliro chaumoyo?
• Kodi maboma angachite chiyani kuti athe kuwongolera chitukuko cha mankhwala a AI choyamba, makamaka mitengo ndi kupezeka kwake?