Deepfakes: Kodi iwo ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani amafunikira

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• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• January 19, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Deepfakes, ukadaulo womwe umalola kupanga makanema kapena ma audio abodza, adatuluka mu 2017 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo adadzetsa nkhawa komanso mwayi. Ngakhale luso lamakono lagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika popanga zinthu zachinyengo, limaperekanso zopindulitsa zomwe zingatheke monga kupititsa patsogolo zachinsinsi pa intaneti, kusintha njira zotsatsira malonda, ndi kuthandizira kutsata malamulo. Komabe, zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za deepfakes ndi zazikulu, kuyambira pakufunika kwa maphunziro a digito ndi kukula kwa makampani atsopano omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira kwakuya, kumalingaliro abwino komanso kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Deepfakes nkhani

Mawu akuti "deepfake" adalowa mu chidziwitso cha anthu mu 2017 pamene wogwiritsa ntchito Reddit adagawana zithunzi zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito luso lotsegula maso. M'mavidiyowa, adasinthanitsa nkhope za anthu otchuka monga Scarlett Johansson, Taylor Swift, Gal Gadot, ndi ena ochita zolaula. Ichi chinali chiyambi chabe.

Ukadaulo wa Deepfake umalola anthu kupanga makanema kapena zomvera pazochitika zomwe sizinachitike. Mwachitsanzo, anthu otchuka komanso andale adzipeza ali m’mavidiyo akuchita ndi kunena zinthu zomwe sanachite kapena kunena. Kudetsa nkhawa zowonera zabodza komanso zomvera zopangidwa ndi matekinoloje ozama zadzetsa kuchulukira kwa njira zotsutsa. Kuchotsa zoyipa za deepfakes, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano. Mu 2020, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuphatikizapo Twitter ndi Facebook analetsa deepfakes pamaneti awo. 

Zimatengera masitepe angapo kuti mupange chojambula chapamwamba kwambiri cha deepfake. Choyamba, womberani zikwizikwi za kuwombera kumaso kwa anthu awiri kudzera pa encoder. Encoder ikuwonetsa kufanana pakati pa nkhope ziwirizi ndikuzitsitsa kuti zikhale zogawana pokanikizira zithunzi. Kenako, nkhope ndi anachira ku wothinikizidwa zithunzi ntchito decoder. Popeza nkhope zimasiyana, decoder imodzi imaphunzitsidwa kubweza nkhope ya munthu woyambayo ndipo inanso kubweza nkhope ya munthu wachiwiriyo. Pambuyo pake, mlengi ayenera kudyetsa zithunzi zojambulidwa mu decoder "yolakwika" kuti agwiritse ntchito kusinthana kumaso. 

Zosokoneza

Deepfakes, ngakhale akuwopseza kwambiri, amaperekanso mwayi wapadera. Kwa anthu pawokha, kuthekera kopanga anthu enieni a digito kumatha kusintha kuyanjana kwapaintaneti. Mwachitsanzo, munthu atha kugwiritsa ntchito deepfake kuti asunge zinsinsi panthawi yoyimba makanema, kuwonetsa avatar ya digito m'malo mwa nkhope yake yeniyeni. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza makamaka ngati chitetezo chanu kapena kusadziwika kuli kofunika kwambiri.

Kwa makampani, ma deepfakes amatha kufotokozeranso njira zotsatsira komanso zotsatsa makasitomala. Makampani amatha kupanga oyankhula, opangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi omvera osiyanasiyana. Njira iyi ikhoza kupangitsa kuti pakhale kampeni yotsatsa mwamakonda komanso yogwira mtima. Komabe, izi zimabweretsanso malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, popeza ogula amatha kunyengedwa ndi mawonekedwe a hyper-realistic koma ochita kupanga.

Maboma atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa deepfake pofuna kuteteza anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe azamalamulo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zozama pakuchita zinthu zopweteka, kupanga zochitika zenizeni popanda kuyika anthu pachiwopsezo. Komabe, kuthekera kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa kuli kwakukulu, ndipo nkofunikira kuti maboma akhazikitse malamulo okhwima oletsa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa kwaumisiriwo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zotsatira za deepfakes zidzadalira kwambiri momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ndikuwongolera chida champhamvuchi.

Zotsatira za deepfakes

Zotsatira zaukadaulo wa deepfake zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake pazamalamulo kukonzanso zochitika zaumbanda ndi mgwirizano wa zinthu zakale komanso zapamalo. 
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndi mabizinesi ogulitsa mafashoni kuti apange zipinda zoyesera kuti makasitomala ayesere zomwe amakonda popanda kuziyesa.
• Kupatsa anthu zida zatsopano zophatikizira komanso kudziwonetsera okha pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amatha kupanga ma avatar awo kuti adziwonetse okha pa intaneti.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwapamwamba komanso kofalikira kwa deepfakes pa TV ndi ochita zoipa ambiri. Munthawi yovuta kwambiri iyi, anthu ozama akhoza kulepheretsa anthu kukhulupirira zomwe amawona ndi kumva, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azitha kukopeka ndi mabodza ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zachinyengo.
• Kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa maphunziro a digito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale anthu odziwa zambiri komanso ozindikira omwe amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zenizeni ndi zosinthidwa.
• Bizinesi yatsopano idayang'ana kwambiri pakuzindikira ndi kupewa, kupanga mwayi wantchito komanso kukula kwachuma.
• Kupita patsogolo kwanzeru zopangira komanso kuphunzira pamakina, kukankhira malire azomwe zingatheke mwaukadaulo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu, monga kupanga ndi kuzindikira za deepfakes kumafuna gwero lalikulu la computational.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi zotsatira za deepfakes pagulu ndi ziti?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi maboma athandiza kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolakwika za deepfakes? 
• Ndi zatsopano ziti zomwe ukadaulo wa deepfake ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolomo?