Migodi ndi chuma chobiriwira: Mtengo wotsata mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 15, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kufunafuna mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kukuyendetsa kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa mchere wa rare earth (REMs), wofunikira muukadaulo monga ma turbine amphepo ndi mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi, koma kutsata uku kumabwera ndi zovuta. Kuchokera paulamuliro wa msika waku China womwe ukukulitsa mitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi kupita kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndi zaufulu wa anthu m'madera a migodi, kusamvana pakati pa zosowa zamphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi migodi yodalirika ndizovuta. Mgwirizano pakati pa maboma, mabungwe, ndi madera, komanso kuyika ndalama pazaumisiri wokonzanso zinthu ndi malamulo atsopano, zitha kukhala chinsinsi chakuyenda movutikira molunjika ku tsogolo lokhazikika lamphamvu.

Nkhani ya migodi

Mchere ndi zitsulo zomwe zimapezeka pansi pa nthaka ndizomwe zimapangira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ma gearbox amphepo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi manganese, platinamu, ndi maginito osowa padziko lapansi, pomwe mabatire agalimoto yamagetsi amapangidwa ndi lithiamu, cobalt, ndi faifi tambala. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2022 McKinsey, kuti akwaniritse kukula kwapadziko lonse kwa kufunikira kwa mkuwa ndi faifi tambala, ndalama zowonjezera kuyambira USD $ 250 biliyoni mpaka $ 350 biliyoni zidzafunika pofika 2030. Ndalamazi ndizofunikira osati kukulitsa kupanga komanso kubwezeretsa ndalama. zatha mphamvu zomwe zilipo.

Mkuwa, makamaka, njira yamagetsi, imatengedwa ngati chitsulo chofunikira kwambiri chosinthira mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wamagetsi osinthika. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa mkuwa kukuyembekezeka kukwera pamlingo wa 13 peresenti pachaka mpaka 2031. Ndipo mitengo yama minerals arare Earth (REMs) omwe amafunidwa ikukwera, kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zili m'maiko ochepa, monga Indonesia ndi Indonesia. ku Philippines, alandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera kumakampani aboma aku China-makampani omwe amawongolera zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi za REM. Mchitidwewu ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, komanso zimabweretsa nkhawa za momwe migodi imakhudzira chilengedwe komanso momwe madera adziko lapansi amakhudzira ndende yamagetsi.

Kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso si nkhani yaukadaulo chabe; ndi kugwirizana kovuta kwa zachuma, ndale, ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe. Kufunika kolinganiza kufunikira kwa mchere wofunikira ndi machitidwe oyenera amigodi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri. Maboma, mabungwe, ndi madera angafunike kugwirizana kuti awonetsetse kuti kusintha kwa tsogolo lamphamvu lamphamvu kumatheka m'njira yolemekeza dziko lapansi komanso zosowa zosiyanasiyana za anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Zosokoneza

Ngakhale kuti dziko lapansi likuyang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kukumbatira magwero a mphamvu zoyeretsera, mahekitala masauzande ambiri akuonongedwa ndi migodi yopanda migodi. Zamoyo zamitundumitundu zimawonongeka kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, ndipo madera akumidzi akuphwanyidwa ufulu wawo. Makampani opanga migodi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, motsogozedwa ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi amagetsi, awonjezera ntchito zawo zofukula mchere, nthawi zambiri ndi kuyang'anira kochepa komanso kusamalitsa bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyang'ana kumeneku pakuchotsa ma REM m'malo omwe eni ake kungathe kuphimba zovuta zomwe ntchitozi zitha kukhala nazo m'maiko omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa m'magawo monga South America ndi Africa.

Ku Ecuador komwe kuli ndi mkuwa, kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma REM kwalimbikitsa mpikisano pakati pamakampani amigodi, zomwe zidapangitsa kugula malo akulu. Akuti makampaniwa apangitsa makhoti a m’derali kuti avomereze ntchito zimene anthu a m’maderawa akukana. Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kusamuka kwa madera ndi anthu amtundu wawo ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za mavutowa, mabungwe ndi maboma akupitiriza kulimbikitsa makampani amigodi kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama m'madera olemera kwambiri a mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, makamaka omwe amapezeka pansi pa equator. 

Kufunafuna mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, ngakhale kuli kofunika kukwaniritsa zosowa za dziko lapansi zamtsogolo, kumabwera pamtengo womwe sungathe kusinthidwa mosavuta. Maboma, mabungwe, ndi madera angafunike kugwirizana kuti apeze njira yopitira patsogolo. Izi zingaphatikizepo kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwimitsa zinthu, kulimbikitsa kachitidwe koyenera ka migodi, ndi kuikapo ndalama mu umisiri wochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Vutoli liri mu kugwirizanitsa kufunikira kwachangu kwa mphamvu zowonjezereka ndi zofunikira zofanana zotetezera chilengedwe ndi kusunga ufulu ndi ubwino wa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa. 

Zotsatira za migodi ndi chuma chobiriwira

Zotsatira zazikulu za ntchito zamigodi pazachuma chobiriwira zingaphatikizepo izi: 

• Msika waku China womwe ukupitilizabe kulamulira msika wazinthu za REM, ndikuwononga mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso kumadera ena adziko lapansi chifukwa cha kusowa komanso kukwera kwamitengo yamsika.
• Kusiyanasiyana kwanthawi yayitali kwa migodi ya REM ku North ndi South America, komwe kungayang'ane zovuta za chilengedwe kuti zithandizire kupanga matekinoloje ongowonjezedwanso ku America kuti akwaniritse zolinga zochepetsera mpweya.
• Kusalinganika kwa REM komwe kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa zazandale, monga kuchuluka kwa mikangano pakati pa mayiko omwe akulimbirana ulamuliro pazochepera.
• Kuchulukitsa ndalama muukadaulo wapamwamba wobwezeretsanso mchere ndi zida zokolera ma REM kuchokera ku mafoni am'manja ndi ma laputopu akale, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za migodi m'tsogolomu ndikuthandizira kuwongolera bwino kwazinthu.
• Kupanga malamulo atsopano apadziko lonse lapansi ndi miyezo ya kachitidwe ka migodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyankha komanso kuwonekera poyera pakukumba kwa mchere wofunikira, ndikupangitsa kuti mayiko ang'onoang'ono athe kuchita bwino.
• Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito m'makampani a migodi, ndikugogomezera kwambiri antchito aluso omwe amamvetsetsa mbali zonse zaukadaulo pakuchotsa komanso malingaliro a chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
• Kuwonekera kwa ntchito zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu komanso mgwirizano pakati pa makampani a migodi ndi anthu a m'deralo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti migodi ikhale yodalirika yomwe imaganizira zosowa ndi ufulu wa anthu amtundu wamba komanso wamba.
• Kuthekera kwa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazida ndi njira zamigodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zotsogola zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zosawononga chilengedwe, komanso kudzutsa nkhawa za kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha makina.
• Kuwunikanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazachuma ndi maboma, ndikuyang'ana kulinganiza phindu lachangu lazachuma kuchokera kumigodi ndi ndalama zanthawi yayitali za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ndondomeko zatsopano ndi njira zopangira ndalama.
• Kuthekera kwa chipwirikiti pakati pa anthu ndi zovuta zamalamulo m'magawo omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi migodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziunika kwambiri machitidwe amakampani komanso kufunikira kofutukuka koyenera komanso udindo wamakampani m'gawo la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti makampani amigodi ayamba kukhala amphamvu kwambiri ndipo akhoza kusokoneza ndale za mayiko?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti anthu onse akudziwitsidwa mokwanira za momwe dziko lingakwaniritsire kutulutsa mpweya wopanda mpweya komanso ndalama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kugwetsa chilengedwe kuti zitheke?