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Kuchoka ku moyo wokulirapo kupita ku moyo wosafa: Tsogolo la anthu P6

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
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Lolemba, 09/14/2020 - 13:31

Mu 2018, ofufuza a Biogerontology Research Foundation ndi International Longevity Alliance adapereka mgwirizano ku World Health Organisation kuti ikhazikitsenso ukalamba ngati matenda. Patatha miyezi ingapo, 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) idakhazikitsa mwalamulo zina zokhudzana ndi ukalamba monga kuchepa kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi zaka.

Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu, ukalamba womwe umakhalapo kale ukuyamba kusinthidwa kukhala chikhalidwe choyenera kuchizidwa ndikupewa. Izi zidzachititsa kuti makampani opanga mankhwala ndi maboma apereke ndalama zothandizira mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zochiritsira zomwe sizimangowonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa munthu komanso kuthetsa zotsatira za ukalamba.

Pofika pano, anthu a m’mayiko otukuka aona kuti zaka zawo za moyo zikukwera kuchoka pa ~35 mu 1820 kufika pa 80 mu 2003. 80. Ndipotu anthu oyambirira amene ankayembekezera kukhala ndi moyo mpaka 40 angakhale atabadwa kale.

Tikulowa m'nthawi yomwe sitidzangosangalala ndi moyo wautali, komanso matupi aunyamata ambiri mpaka ukalamba. Pakapita nthawi yokwanira, sayansi ipezanso njira yochepetsera ukalamba palimodzi. Zonsezi, tatsala pang'ono kulowa m'dziko latsopano lolimba mtima la moyo wautali kwambiri.

Kutanthauzira moyo wautali kwambiri ndi moyo wosafa

Pazifukwa za mutu uno, tikanena za moyo wautali kwambiri kapena kukulitsa moyo, tikunena za njira iliyonse yomwe imakulitsa nthawi ya moyo wamunthu kukhala magawo atatu.

Pakali pano, tikamatchula za kusafa, chimene tikutanthauza n’chakuti palibe kukalamba kwachilengedwe. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mukadzafika msinkhu wokhwima (mwina pafupifupi zaka 30), njira yokalamba ya thupi lanu idzazimitsidwa ndi kusinthidwa ndi njira yowonongeka yomwe imasunga zaka zanu kuyambira pamenepo. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungachite misala kapena kutetezedwa ku zotsatira zakupha za kulumpha kuchokera pamalo okwera popanda parachuti.

(Anthu ena ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti ‘moyo wosakhoza kufa’ kutanthauza kusakhoza kufa kwa malire, koma mpaka zimenezi zitachitika, tidzangopitirizabe ‘kusafa.’)

N’chifukwa chiyani timakalamba?

Kunena zomveka, palibe lamulo la chilengedwe chonse limene limati nyama zonse zamoyo kapena zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi moyo wa zaka 100. Mitundu ya m'madzi monga Bowhead whale ndi Greenland Shark imalembedwa kuti ikhale ndi moyo zaka zoposa 200, pamene Galapagos Giant Tortoise amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. wamwalira posachedwa paukalamba wakukhwima wa zaka 176. Pakali pano, zamoyo za m’nyanja zakuya monga nsomba zinazake zotchedwa jellyfish, masiponji, ndi makorali sizimaoneka ngati zimakalamba nkomwe.

Mlingo umene anthu amakalamba komanso kutalika kwa nthawi imene matupi athu amatilola kuti tizikalamba amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisinthiko, ndipo, monga tafotokozera m’mawu oyamba, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala.

Mtedza ndi ma bolts ndendende chifukwa chomwe timakalamba sizikudziwikabe, koma ofufuza akungoyang'ana malingaliro angapo omwe akuwonetsa zolakwika za majini ndi zowononga zachilengedwe ndizo zomwe zimachititsa. Mwachindunji, mamolekyu ndi maselo ovuta kwambiri omwe amapanga matupi athu amafanana ndi kudzikonza okha pazaka zambiri za moyo wathu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zolakwika zokwanira za majini ndi zowonongeka zimawunjikana m'thupi mwathu kuti pang'onopang'ono ziwonongeke mamolekyu ndi maselo ovutawa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osagwira ntchito kwambiri mpaka atasiya kugwira ntchito.

Chosangalatsa n’chakuti, chifukwa cha sayansi, zaka za zana lino zikhoza kutha kwa zolakwa za majini ndi zoipitsa zachilengedwe zimenezi, ndipo zimenezo zingatipatse zaka zambiri zoti tiziyembekezera.

Njira zopezera moyo wosafa

Zikafika pakukwaniritsa kusafa kwachilengedwe (kapena kutalikitsa moyo), sipadzakhalanso mankhwala amodzi omwe amathetsa ukalamba wathu. M'malo mwake, kupewa kukalamba kudzaphatikizanso machiritso ang'onoang'ono omwe pamapeto pake amakhala gawo laumoyo wapachaka wamunthu kapena njira yosamalira thanzi.

Cholinga cha machiritsowa chidzakhala kutseka chibadwa cha ukalamba, ndikuchiritsanso kuwonongeka ndi kuvulala kwa matupi athu pazochitika zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chilengedwe chomwe tikukhalamo. sayansi yotalikitsa moyo wathu imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zolinga zamakampani azachipatala zakuchiritsa matenda onse ndikuchiritsa zovulala zonse (zafufuzidwa Tsogolo la Thanzi mndandanda).

Pokumbukira izi, tagawa kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wamankhwala owonjezera moyo kutengera njira zawo:

Senolytic Mankhwala. Asayansi akuyesa mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe akuyembekeza kuti atha kuletsa kukalamba kwachilengedwe (Senescence Ndilo liwu labwino kwambiri la izi) ndikukulitsa kwambiri moyo wamunthu. Zitsanzo zazikulu za mankhwalawa a senolytic ndi awa:

Resveratrol. Chodziwika bwino m'mawonetsero olankhulidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, mankhwalawa omwe amapezeka mu vinyo wofiira amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazovuta za munthu, dongosolo la mtima, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, ndi kutupa kwa mafupa.
Alk5 kinase inhibitor. M'mayesero oyambirira a labu pa mbewa, mankhwalawa adawonetsa zotsatira zolonjeza popanga minofu yokalamba ndi minofu yaubongo kuchitanso yachichepere.
Rapamycin. Kuyeza kofananako kwa labu pa mankhwalawa kuwululidwa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi kupititsa patsogolo kagayidwe ka mphamvu, kukulitsa moyo komanso kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Dasatinib ndi Quercetin. Izi kuphatikiza mankhwala kutambasulidwa moyo wautali komanso mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi za mbewa.
Metformin. Kwa zaka zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga, kafukufuku wowonjezera pa mankhwalawa kuwululidwa zotsatira zoyipa mu nyama za labu zomwe zidawona kuti moyo wawo wapakati ukukulirakulira. US FDA tsopano yavomereza kuyesa kwa Metformin kuti awone ngati ingakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi anthu.

Kusintha kwa chiwalo. Kufufuzidwa kwathunthu mu mutu wachinayi za mndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Umoyo Wathanzi, posachedwapa tidzalowa m'nthawi yomwe ziwalo zolephera zidzalowedwa m'malo ndi ziwalo zopangira zabwino, zokhalitsa, komanso zokana. Komanso, kwa iwo amene sakonda lingaliro kukhazikitsa makina mtima kupopera magazi anu, tikuyesanso 3D kusindikiza ntchito, organic ziwalo, ntchito thupi lathu zimayambira maselo. Pamodzi, njira zosinthira ziwalozi zitha kukankhira moyo wamunthu kukhala wazaka zapakati pa 120 mpaka 130, popeza kufa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chiwalo kudzakhala chinthu chakale.

Kusintha kwa ma gene ndi chithandizo cha majini. Kufufuzidwa kwathunthu mu mutu wachitatu Pamndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Thanzi, tikulowa mwachangu m'nthawi yomwe kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu azilamulira mwachindunji zamitundu yathu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamapeto pake tidzakhala ndi kuthekera kokonza masinthidwe mu DNA yathu powasintha ndi DNA yathanzi. Poyambirira, pakati pa 2020 mpaka 2030, izi zidzatha kutha kwa matenda ambiri amtundu, koma pofika 2035 mpaka 2045, tidzadziwa mokwanira za DNA yathu kuti tisinthe zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kukalamba. M'malo mwake, kuyesa koyambirira kosintha DNA ya mbewa ndi ntchentche atsimikizira kale kukulitsa moyo wawo.

Tikachita bwino sayansiyi, titha kupanga zisankho zosintha moyo wa ana athu molunjika mu DNA ya ana athu. Dziwani zambiri za makanda opanga mwa ife Tsogolo la Chisinthiko cha Anthu zino.

Kusinthanitsa. Kufufuzidwa kwathunthu mu mutu wachinayi Pamndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Zaumoyo, Nanotechnology ndi liwu lalikulu la mtundu uliwonse wa sayansi, uinjiniya, ndi ukadaulo womwe umayesa, kuwongolera kapena kuphatikiza zinthu pamlingo wa 1 ndi 100 nanometers (ocheperako kuposa selo limodzi lamunthu). Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makina ang’onoang’ono ameneŵa kudakali zaka makumi ambiri, koma zikadzatheka, madokotala amtsogolo adzangotibaya ndi singano yodzaza ndi mabiliyoni ambiri a nanomachines amene pambuyo pake adzasambira m’matupi athu kukonzanso mtundu uliwonse wa kuwonongeka kwa zaka zimene apeza.

Zotsatira za chikhalidwe cha moyo wautali

Kungoganiza kuti tikusintha kupita kudziko lomwe aliyense amakhala ndi moyo wautali (titi, mpaka 150) wokhala ndi matupi amphamvu, aunyamata, mibadwo yamakono ndi yamtsogolo yomwe ikusangalala ndi izi ayenera kuganiziranso momwe amakonzera moyo wawo wonse.

Masiku ano, kutengera moyo womwe anthu ambiri amayembekezeka pafupifupi zaka 80-85, anthu ambiri amatsatira njira yoyambira moyo yomwe mumakhala kusukulu ndikuphunzira ntchito mpaka zaka 22-25, yambitsani ntchito yanu ndikulowa nthawi yayitali. - ubale wazaka 30, yambitsani banja ndikugula ngongole ndi 40, kulera ana anu ndikusunga ndalama zopuma pantchito mpaka mutakwanitsa zaka 65, kenako mumapuma pantchito, kuyesa kusangalala ndi zaka zomwe zatsalazo powononga dzira lanu mosamalitsa.

Komabe, ngati moyo womwe ukuyembekezeredwa upitilira mpaka 150, njira yamoyo yomwe tafotokozayi imathetsedwa. Poyambira, padzakhala kupanikizika kochepa kuti:

Yambitsani maphunziro anu akusekondale mutangomaliza kusekondale kapena kupanikizika pang'ono kuti mumalize digiri yanu molawirira.
Yambani ndikumamatira ku ntchito imodzi, kampani kapena mafakitale chifukwa zaka zanu zogwirira ntchito zimakulolani kuti mukhale ndi ntchito zingapo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kukwatiwa msanga, zomwe zimatsogolera ku nthawi yotalikirapo ya chibwenzi chongoyembekezera; ngakhale lingaliro la maukwati kosatha liyenera kuganiziridwanso, lomwe lingathe kusinthidwa ndi mapangano a zaka makumi angapo a maukwati omwe amazindikira kusakhalitsa kwa chikondi chenicheni kwa nthawi yayitali.
Khalani ndi ana adakali aang'ono, chifukwa amayi amatha kuthera zaka zambiri kuti akhazikitse ntchito zodziimira okha popanda kudandaula kuti adzakhala osabereka.
Ndipo iwalani za kupuma pantchito! Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali womwe umafikira manambala atatu, muyenera kugwira ntchito bwino mu manambala atatuwo.

Ndipo kwa maboma omwe ali ndi nkhawa popereka mibadwo ya nzika zachikulire (monga tafotokozera mu mutu wapita), kufalikira kwa njira zochiritsira zowonjezera moyo zitha kukhala godsend. Chiwerengero cha anthu okhala ndi moyo woterewu chingathe kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kusunga zokolola za dziko kukhala zokhazikika, kusunga chuma chathu chogwiritsidwa ntchito panopa, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe dziko limagwiritsa ntchito pa zaumoyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu.

(Kwa iwo amene akuganiza kuti kufalikira kwa moyo kumabweretsa dziko lokhala ndi anthu ambiri, chonde werengani kumapeto kwa mutu wachinayi za mndandanda uno.)

Koma kodi moyo wosafa ndi wofunika?

Zopeka zingapo zasanthula lingaliro la chitaganya cha anthu osakhoza kufa ndipo ambiri amalifotokoza kukhala temberero koposa dalitso. Choyamba, sitikudziwa ngati malingaliro aumunthu angakhale akuthwa, kugwira ntchito kapena ngakhale anzeru kwa zaka zopitirira zana. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma nootropics apamwamba, titha kukhala ndi m'badwo waukulu wa okalamba osafa.

Chodetsa nkhaŵa china n’chakuti ngati anthu angaone kuti moyo ndi wamtengo wapatali popanda kuvomereza imfa ndi mbali ya tsogolo lawo. Kwa ena, kusafa kungayambitse kusowa kwa chilimbikitso chokumana ndi zochitika zazikulu pamoyo kapena kuchita ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu.

Kumbali yakutsogolo, mutha kutsutsananso kuti ndi moyo wautali kapena wopanda malire, mudzakhala ndi nthawi yochita ma projekiti ndi zovuta zomwe mwina simunaganizirepo. Monga gulu, titha kusamalira bwino malo athu onse popeza tikhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kuti tiwone zotsatira zoyipa za kusintha kwanyengo.

Mtundu wina wosafa

Tikukumana kale ndi kusalingana kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, ndichifukwa chake polankhula za moyo wosafa, tiyeneranso kuganizira momwe zingakulitsire kugawanikako. Mbiri yasonyeza kuti nthawi zonse chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano chikabwera pamsika (chofanana ndi maopaleshoni atsopano apulasitiki kapena njira zopangira mano), nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo ndi olemera okha.

Izi zimadzutsa nkhawa yopanga gulu la anthu olemera omwe moyo wawo udzakhala woposa wa osauka ndi apakati. Zinthu ngati zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri chifukwa anthu ochokera m’madera otsika adzaona okondedwa awo akufa chifukwa cha ukalamba, pamene olemera samangoyamba kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso amakalamba.

Zachidziwikire, zochitika ngati izi zitha kungokhala kwakanthawi chifukwa mphamvu za capitalism zimatha kutsitsa mtengo wamankhwala owonjezera moyo mkati mwazaka khumi kapena ziwiri atamasulidwa (pasanathe 2050). Koma panthawi imeneyi, anthu amene alibe ndalama zambiri angasankhe njira yatsopano komanso yotsika mtengo ya moyo wosakhoza kufa, imene idzafotokozanso imfa monga mmene tikuidziwira, ndi imene idzafotokozedwa m’mutu womaliza wa mpambo uno.