Batire ya Graphene: Hype imakhala yothamanga mwachangu

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• February 23, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Graphene ikupanga mafunde posungira mphamvu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, monga malo okwera, mphamvu, kusinthasintha, komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwamagetsi. Oyambitsa akugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kuti apange mabatire omwe amaposa achikhalidwe, kulonjeza nthawi yayitali, kutsika kwa kaboni, komanso nthawi yolipiritsa mwachangu, makamaka pamagalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Ngakhale kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi komwe kukulepheretsa kutengera anthu ambiri, kuthekera kwa mabatire a graphene kumatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku zida zapanyumba kupita kumagetsi ongowonjezeranso.

Nkhani ya graphene

Graphene, mtundu wa thinnest wa graphite womwe timadziwika kwa ife, ndi zinthu zomwe zakhala zikuyang'anitsitsa posungira mphamvu. Nkhaniyi imapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi la maatomu a carbon, omwe amapatsa malo okwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwake. Katundu wapaderawa umapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire ndi ma supercapacitor. Kuonda kwa graphene, kuphatikiza mphamvu zake, kusinthasintha kwake, komanso kupepuka kwake, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyendetsa bwino magetsi. Amaperekanso kukana kochepa kwa mphamvu zotentha, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa batri. 

Oyambitsa akugwiritsa ntchito kale kuthekera kwa graphene muukadaulo wa batri. Mwachitsanzo, Nanograf yanena kuti mabatire awo akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 50 peresenti pa nthawi yothamanga poyerekeza ndi mabatire wamba a lithiamu-ion. Kuphatikiza apo, awona kuchepa kwa 25 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mabatire awo, ndi kuchepa kwa kulemera ndi theka kwa zotsatira zomwezo. 

Kuyambitsa kwina, Real Graphene, ikugwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwa graphene kupanga mabatire omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa ma EV, omwe amafunikira mabatire omwe amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu. Ngakhale nthawi yoyezetsa mabatire a EV nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, Real Graphene ali ndi chiyembekezo cha kuthekera kwaukadaulo wawo. Amakhulupilira kuti mabatire awo opangidwa ndi graphene amatha kulipiritsa wogula wamba EV pasanathe ola limodzi, kuwongolera kwakukulu pamakina apano. 

Zosokoneza

Kuthamanga kwachangu kwa ma EV othandizidwa ndi mabatire a graphene kumatha kukhala kosintha, kupangitsa ma EV kukhala njira yowoneka bwino kwa ogula. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene makampani akuchulukirachulukira kulinganiza ntchito zawo ndi mfundo za chilengedwe, chikhalidwe, ndi ulamuliro (ESG), kufunikira kwa njira zoyeretsera mphamvu monga mabatire a graphene kuyenera kukula. Kusintha kumeneku kungapangitse kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko m'derali, ngakhale kuti pali malire a ndalama.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa mabatire a graphene kumapitilira ma EV okha. Ganizirani zida zapakhomo ndi zida zamagetsi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Zipangizozi zimatha kuwona kusintha kwakukulu kwa moyo wawo komanso magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a graphene. Mwachitsanzo, kubowola kopanda zingwe koyendetsedwa ndi batire ya graphene kumatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwachaji komanso kukulitsa zokolola. Mofananamo, zipangizo zapakhomo, monga zotsukira ndi zotchera udzu, zingakhale zogwira mtima kwambiri ndiponso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kusintha kumeneku kungapangitse kusintha kwa ziyembekezo za ogula ndi miyezo ya zipangizo zoterezi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa opanga kupanga mabatire a graphene.

Komabe, kukwera mtengo kwa graphene ndikolepheretsa kwambiri kutengeka kwake. Ngakhale izi, chidwi chamakampani akuluakulu, monga Tesla Motors, Samsung, ndi Microsoft, pakupanga mabatire a graphene ndi chizindikiro chopatsa chiyembekezo. Kutenga nawo gawo kwawo kungapangitse kupita patsogolo kwa njira zopangira, zomwe zingachepetse mtengo ndikupangitsa mabatire a graphene kukhala ofikirika. Izi zikhoza kutsegulira ntchito zambiri za nkhaniyi, kuchokera kumagetsi ogula zinthu kupita ku machitidwe opangira mphamvu zowonjezera.

Zotsatira zaukadaulo wa batri ya graphene

Zotsatira zazikulu zamabatire a graphene zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutsika kwakukulu kwamitengo ya ma EVs komwe kumapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi lisunthike kuchoka pamagalimoto oyatsa amitundu yonse. 
• Kupititsa patsogolo kwachangu kwa ndege zamagetsi ndi magalimoto a VTOL (okwera ndi kutera) magalimoto ogula ndi malonda-kupangitsa kuti mayendedwe a drone akumidzi ndi aatali akhale otheka.
• Kuyika ndalama zaboma mu ma gridi amakono ndi malo ochajitsira magetsi omwe amatha kupereka magetsi mosatetezeka m'njira yomwe imathandizira kuyitanitsa mwachangu komwe kumayenderana ndi mabatire a graphene.
• Kupanga ntchito zatsopano zikangotsika mtengo komanso kupanga mabatire ambiri a graphene kumachitika.
• Mafakitale atsopano ndi mwayi wantchito mu sayansi yazinthu zapamwamba komanso kupanga mabatire.
• Malamulo atsopano ndi miyezo yowonetsetsa kuti mabatire a graphene azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa msika wotetezedwa komanso woyendetsedwa bwino wosungira mphamvu.
• Kupezeka kwa mabatire okhalitsa komanso othamanga kwambiri omwe amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, ndi anthu ambiri, makamaka kumadera akutali, akupeza mphamvu zodalirika.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Zogulitsa zaukadaulo, monga mafoni am'manja ndi matabuleti, ndi zida zina zamalonda zitha kukhala nthawi yayitali zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabatire a graphene. Kodi mukuganiza kuti izi zikhala ndi zotsatira zotani pa malonda ogulitsa ndi ogula ambiri?
• Poganizira za ubwino wa EV yoyendera batire ya graphene, kuphatikiziranso kutha kwachacha mwachangu, kodi mukuganiza kuti mabatire a graphene angalimbikitse chidwi chachikulu komanso kukhala ndi magalimoto amagetsi?