Ibhethri ye-graphene: I-Hype iba iqiniso elishaja ngokushesha

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 23, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Graphene yenza amagagasi ekugcineni amandla ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, njengendawo ephezulu, amandla, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukagesi. Iziqalisi zisebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ukuthuthukisa amabhethri adlula awavamile, athembisa izikhathi ezisebenza isikhathi eside, izinyathelo ezincishisiwe zekhabhoni, nezikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs). Naphezu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme njengamanje ezithiya ukutholwa okusabalele, amandla amabhethri e-graphene angaguqula imikhakha eyahlukene, kusukela ezintweni zasendlini ukuya kumasistimu kagesi avuselelekayo.

Umongo we-graphene

I-Graphene, uhlobo oluncane lwe-graphite esilwaziyo, iyinto ebilokhu ithola ukunakwa emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla. Lesi sici sakhiwe ungqimba olulodwa lwama-athomu e-carbon, olunikeza indawo ephezulu ehlobene nomthamo wayo. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sikwenza kube yisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokusebenzisa amabhethri nama-supercapacitor. Ubuncane be-graphene, kuhlangene namandla ayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nemvelo engasindi, kuyenza ibe i-conductor kagesi ephumelelayo. Iphinde inikeze ukumelana okuphansi kwamandla okushisa, okuyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhethri. 

Iziqalisi sezivele zisebenzisa amandla e-graphene kubuchwepheshe bebhethri. Isibonelo, i-Nanograf ibike ukuthi amabhethri abo abonisa ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-50 ngesikhathi sokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye baqaphela ukwehla okungamaphesenti angu-25 kwenani eliphelele le-carbon footprint yamabhethri abo, kanye nokuncipha kwesisindo ngesigamu sokukhipha okufanayo. 

Esinye isiqalo, i-Real Graphene, sisebenzisa ukuqina kwe-graphene ukudala amabhethri akwazi ukuphatha amandla kagesi anamandla. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kuma-EV, adinga amabhethri angakwazi ukumelana namazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka. Nakuba isikhathi sokuhlola samabhethri e-EV ngokuvamile sithatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, i-Real Graphene inethemba mayelana namandla obuchwepheshe bayo. Bakholelwa ukuthi amabhethri abo asekelwe ku-graphene angashaja umsebenzisi ojwayelekile i-EV esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora, ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ezikhathini zamanje zokushaja. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo zama-EV anikwe amandla amabhethri e-graphene zingashintsha igeyimu, okwenza ama-EV abe inketho ekhanga kakhulu kubathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinkampani ziya ngokuya zihlose ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwazo nezinqubomgomo zezemvelo, ezenhlalo, kanye nokubusa (ESG), isidingo sezinketho zamandla ahlanzekile njengamabhethri e-graphene kungenzeka sikhule. Lokhu kushintshwa kungase kugqugquzele ucwaningo olwengeziwe nentuthuko kule ndawo, naphezu kwemikhawulo yamanje ekuxhasweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla amabhethri e-graphene adlulela ngalé kwama-EV. Cabangela izinto zikagesi zasendlini namathuluzi kagesi, ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Lawa madivayisi angabona ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo esikhathini sawo sokuphila nokusebenza ngokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-graphene. Isibonelo, i-drill engenantambo enikwa amandla ibhethri le-graphene ingasebenza isikhathi eside, inciphise imvamisa yokushajwa futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza. Ngokufanayo, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, njengemishini yokuhlanza utshani nemishini yokugunda utshani, zingasebenza kahle futhi kube lula ukuzisebenzisa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungaholela ekushintsheni kokulindelwe ngabathengi kanye namazinga wamadivayisi anjalo, okuthonya abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise amabhethri e-graphene.

Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza i-graphene ziyisithiyo esibalulekile ekuthathweni kwayo okusabalele. Naphezu kwalokhu, isithakazelo esiboniswa izinkampani ezinkulu, njenge-Tesla Motors, i-Samsung, ne-Microsoft, ekuthuthukiseni amabhethri e-graphene kuwuphawu oluthembisayo. Ukubandakanyeka kwabo kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okukhiqiza, okungenzeka kunciphise izindleko nokwenza amabhethri e-graphene afinyeleleke kalula. Lokhu kungase kuvule inhlobonhlobo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zalokhu okubalulekile, kusukela kumishini kagesi yabathengi ukuya kumasistimu wamandla avuselelekayo.

Imithelela yobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-graphene

Imithelela ebanzi yamabhethri e-graphene ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwehla okukhulu ezindlekweni zama-EV okuqhubekisela phambili ukusheshisa ukugudluka komhlaba ezimotweni ezivuthayo zazo zonke izinhlobo. 
• Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindiza zikagesi kanye nezimoto ze-VTOL (ukusuka kanye nokuhlalisa ziqonde phezulu) zabathengi namacala okusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano—okwenza ukuthutha kwe-drone yasemadolobheni nebanga elide kusebenze.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni kumagridi kagesi esimanje kanye neziteshi zokushaja ezingaletha ugesi ngokuphepha ngendlela evumela ukushajwa okusheshayo okujwayelekile ngamabhethri e-graphene.
• Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi emisha uma izindleko zokukhiqiza sezincipha futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bamabhethri e-graphene kuba ngokoqobo.
• Izimboni ezintsha namathuba emisebenzi kwezesayensi yezinto ezithuthukisiwe nokukhiqizwa kwebhethri.
• Imithethonqubo emisha namazinga okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuziphatha kwamabhethri e-graphene, okuholela emakethe yokugcina amandla evikeleke kakhulu futhi elawulwayo.
• Ukutholakala kwamabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside futhi ashaja ngokushesha athonya amathrendi ezibalo zabantu, nabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude, abafinyelela emithonjeni yamandla ethembekile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe, njengomakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi, nezinye izinto zikagesi ezithengiswayo cishe izohlala isikhathi eside uma inikwa amandla amabhethri e-graphene. Ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzoba namuphi umphumela ekuthengisweni kwezitolo nasekuthengeni ngokujwayelekile?
• Uma ucabangela izinzuzo ze-EV esebenza ngebhethri ye-graphene, okuhlanganisa nekhono layo lokushaja ngokushesha, ingabe ucabanga ukuthi amabhethri e-graphene azovusa isithakazelo esikhulu kanye nobunikazi bezimoto zikagesi?