Kuphatikizika koyendetsedwa ndi laser: Kudula njira yoyeretsa mphamvu

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 8, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kufuna kuphatikizika kwa zida za nyukiliya kwatsala pang'ono kupatsa anthu mphamvu zosatha zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zowononga chilengedwe. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa kuphatikiza koyendetsedwa ndi laser, kosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe, kwawonetsa lonjezano pakupanga njira yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira kuphatikizika, kudzetsa chidwi chachikulu ndi ndalama. Komabe, njira yogulitsira gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu iyi ili ndi zovuta zaukadaulo ndi zachuma, zomwe zikuwonetsa tsogolo lomwe kusakanikirana kungasinthe kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, machitidwe amakampani, ndi mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kusakanikirana koyendetsedwa ndi laser

Kuphatikizika kwa zida za nyukiliya, njira imene imaunikira nyenyezi m’chilengedwe chathu, ikutsala pang’ono kukhala gwero lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu kwa anthu. Imalonjeza mphamvu zopanda malire zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe, makamaka kutulutsa mpweya wopanda mpweya, popanda vuto la zinyalala losalekeza lokhudzana ndi zida zanyukiliya zomwe zikuchitika. Kuthekera kwa kuphatikizika kwa nyukiliya kwakopa asayansi ndi maboma chimodzimodzi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri, kuphatikiza kukakamiza kochokera ku bungwe la Biden kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wophatikizika ndi malonda. 

Mu 2022, oyambitsa ku Germany a Marvel Fusion adapanga njira yoyendetsedwa ndi laser kuti akwaniritse kuphatikizika, mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zamaginito, ndipo adapeza ndalama pafupifupi $65.9 miliyoni. Kuphatikizika kwa nyukiliya kumadziwika ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana: kutsekeredwa kwa maginito ndi kutsekereza kosalekeza, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuponderezedwa kwamafuta ndi ma lasers kuti ayambitse kuphatikizika. Njirayi yawona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, makamaka pa National Ignition Facility ku California, komwe kuyesa kochititsa chidwi kunawonetsa kuthekera kopeza mphamvu zophatikizira zochulukirapo kuposa mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe zimafanizidwa ndi ndege yoyamba ya Wright Brothers. Njira ya Marvel Fusion imasiyanitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizika a laser drive, kutsata njira yophatikizira bwino, ndipo yasankha hydrogen-boron 11 ngati mafuta ake, ndikulonjeza kupanga zinyalala zochepa.

Ngakhale pali chidwi komanso kupita patsogolo kwasayansi, ulendo wopita ku mphamvu zophatikizira malonda umakhalabe ndi zovuta zaukadaulo komanso zachuma. Marvel Fusion ili koyambirira, kudalira zoyerekeza zamakompyuta kuti ziwongolere njira zake, ndicholinga chopanga makina opanga magetsi pakadutsa zaka khumi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwandalama komwe kumafunikira ndikwambiri, kutsimikizira gawo lomwe likubwera koma lodalirika laukadaulo wa laser-driven fusion. 

Zosokoneza

Pamene mphamvu ya fusion ikuyamba kuchita malonda, ikhoza kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta oyaka, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhale kofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, popereka magetsi abwino, opanda malire. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya fusion kungakhazikitse mitengo yamagetsi pochepetsa mikangano yokhudzana ndi mafuta ndi gasi, kukulitsa chitetezo champhamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

Mafakitale omwe amadalira mafuta opangira mafuta angafunikire kusintha kapena kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito awo kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu zatsopano. Komabe, kusinthaku kumatsegulanso mwayi waukulu wopanga zinthu zatsopano m'magawo kuyambira kusungirako mphamvu ndi zomangamanga za grid mpaka zoyendera ndi kupanga. Makampani omwe angatsogolere m'maderawa akhoza kukhala patsogolo pa nthawi yatsopano yachuma, kupindula ndi ubwino woyamba pa msika wofulumira.

Maboma adzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pothandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu zophatikizira pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko, ndalama, ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko. Kuyika ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, pomwe zolimbikitsa zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zophatikizira zimatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chazachuma kwa omwe angoyamba kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi utha kukulitsa chuma ndi ukatswiri, kufulumizitsa chitukuko chaukadaulo wa fusion ndikuphatikiza kwake mu gridi yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. 

Zotsatira za fusion yoyendetsedwa ndi laser

Zotsatira zazikulu za fusion yoyendetsedwa ndi laser zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kwa mayiko omwe akugulitsa ukadaulo wa fusion, kuchepetsa kusatetezeka ku mikangano yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kusokonezeka kwamagetsi.
• Magawo atsopano a ntchito adayang'ana pa ntchito yomanga, kuyendetsa, ndi kukonza malo opangira magetsi ophatikizika, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito m'makampani opangira mafuta.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'matauni monga momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito moyenera komanso oyera amathandizira kukula kwamizinda yanzeru komanso malo okhalamo anthu ambiri.
• Zosintha pamachitidwe a ogula, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi fusion, zomwe zimatsogolera kusinthana kwamisika yamagalimoto ndi zida.
• Kufunika kwa kuphunzitsidwanso kwakukulu ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro kuti akonzekeretse ogwira ntchito ndi luso lofunikira pantchito zaukadaulo wapamwamba mu gawo la fusion energy.
• Maboma akukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano oyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
• Kuwonjezeka kwaukadaulo waukadaulo m'magawo angapo, kuphatikiza sayansi yazinthu, uinjiniya, ndi matekinoloje achilengedwe, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe zimafunikira komanso zovuta za mphamvu yophatikizira.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi ubale wapadziko lonse ungakhudzidwe bwanji ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya fusion, makamaka kudalira mphamvu ndi mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi?
• Kodi madera ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono angachitepo chiyani pothandizira kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu?