I-Laser-driven fusion: Ukusika indlela yokuhlanza amandla

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 8, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Isifiso sokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi sisonqenqemeni lokunikeza isintu amandla ahlanzekile acishe angapheli anomumo omncane wemvelo. Intuthuko yakamuva ekuhlanganiseni okushayelwa nge-laser, ehlukile ezindleleni ezivamile, ibonise isithembiso ekudaleni inqubo esebenza kahle kakhudlwana yokuzuza ukuhlanganisa, okuvusa isithakazelo esikhulu notshalomali. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuthengisa lo mthombo wamandla ahlanzekile igcwele izithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezezimali, okuphakamisa ikusasa lapho ukuhlanganisa kungashintsha kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kwezimboni, nezinqubomgomo zomhlaba.

Umongo wokuhlanganisa oshayelwa nge-laser

I-nuclear fusion, inqubo ekhanyisa izinkanyezi endaweni yonke, isemaphethelweni okuba umthombo wamandla obalulekile esintwini. Ithembisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okungenamkhawulo okunomthelela omncane kwezemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuyiziro, ngaphandle kwengqinamba eqhubekayo yemfucuza ekhipha imisebe ehambisana nezisabeli zamanje ze-nuclear fission. Amandla okuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi athathe ososayensi nohulumeni ngokufanayo, okuholele ekutshalweni kwezimali okubalulekile, okuhlanganisa nokuphusha okuphawulekayo okuvela kubaphathi be-Biden ukuze kuqinise ucwaningo lwe-fusion kanye nokuhweba. 

Ngo-2022, isiqalisi saseJalimane i-Marvel Fusion yathuthukisa indlela eqhutshwa nge-laser ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxutshwa, eqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile zokuvalela kazibuthe, futhi izuze ngempumelelo imali elinganiselwa ku-USD $65.9 wezigidi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nuclear kumakwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: ukuvalelwa kazibuthe kanye nokuvalelwa kwe-inertial, kanti lokhu kwakamuva kuhilela ukucindezelwa okunamandla kukaphethiloli ngama-lasers ukuze kuqalise ukuhlanganisa. Le ndlela ibone intuthuko enkulu, ikakhulukazi Esikhungweni Sikazwelonke Sokushisisa e-California, lapho ukuhlolwa okuyingqopha-mlando kwabonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuzuza isivuno samandla e-fusion adlula okokufaka kwamandla, ingqopha-mlando efaniswa nendiza yokuqala ye-Wright Brothers. Isu le-Marvel Fusion liyahlukana ngokusebenzisa i-direct drive laser fusion, ihlose inqubo yokuhlanganisa esebenza kahle kakhudlwana, futhi ikhethe i-hydrogen-boron 11 njengophethiloli wayo, ethembisa ngisho nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza okuncane.

Naphezu kwesasasa nenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yesayensi, uhambo oluya emandleni okuhlanganiswa kwezentengiselwano luhlala lugcwele izinselele zobuchwepheshe nezezimali. I-Marvel Fusion isezigabeni zokuqala, ithembele ekufanisweni kwekhompuyutha ukuze icolise indlela yayo, ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa isikhungo samandla esiyisibonelo phakathi neminyaka eyishumi. Kodwa-ke, isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali esidingekayo sikhulu kakhulu, sigcizelela isigaba esisha kodwa esithembisayo sobuchwepheshe be-fusion obuqhutshwa nge-laser. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba amandla e-fusion esebenza kwezohwebo, anganciphisa kakhulu ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kwehle kakhulu ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Lokhu kushintshwa kungase kubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kunikeze umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile, cishe ongenamkhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwamandla e-fusion kungase kuzinzise izintengo zamandla ngokunciphisa ukungezwani kwezwe elihlobene nemithombo kawoyela negesi, kuthuthukise ukuvikeleka kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.

Izimboni ezincike kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi zingase zidinge ukujwayela noma ukulungisa kabusha ukusebenza kwazo ukuze zihambisane namaqiniso amasha wamandla. Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho luphinde luvule amathuba abalulekile okuqamba izinto ezintsha emikhakheni esukela ekugcinweni kwamandla kanye nengqalasizinda yegridi kuya kwezokuthutha nokukhiqiza. Izinkampani ezingahola kulezi zindawo zingase zizithole zihamba phambili enkathini entsha yezomnotho, zihlomula ngezinzuzo zokuqala emakethe ethuthuka ngokushesha.

Ohulumeni bazodlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuguqukela ekuhlanganiseni amandla ngenqubomgomo, uxhaso lwezimali, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kungasheshisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho izikhuthazo zokwamukelwa kwamandla ahlanganisiwe zingadambisa izingozi zezezimali kwabaqalayo ukuzisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kungakhulisa izinsiza nobungcweti, kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-fusion kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabo kugridi yamandla omhlaba. 

Imithelela yokuhlanganiswa kwe-laser

Imithelela ebanzi ye-fusion eqhutshwa nge-laser ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuzimela okuthuthukisiwe kwamandla emazweni atshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-fusion, okunciphisa ubungozi ezingxabanweni zezwe kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla.
• Imikhakha yemisebenzi emisha igxile ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kahle kwezikhungo zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nokwehla kwemisebenzi embonini kaphethiloli.
• Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okufudukela emadolobheni njengemithombo yamandla esebenza kahle futhi ehlanzekile isekela ukukhula kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile nezindawo zokuhlala ezinabantu abaningi.
• Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwabathengi, ngesidingo esikhulu sezimoto zikagesi kanye nemikhiqizo esebenza ngamandla e-fusion, okuholela ekushintsheni ezimakethe zezimoto nezezinto zikagesi.
• Isidingo sokuqeqeshwa kabusha okukhulu kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo zokuhlomisa abasebenzi ngamakhono adingekayo emisebenzini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu emkhakheni we-fusion energy.
• Ohulumeni abasungula imithetho emisha yokuphatha ukusetshenziswa nokuphepha kwamandla ahlanganisiwe, okudinga ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kumiswe amazinga omhlaba.
• Ukwanda kokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa isayensi yezinto zokwakha, ubunjiniyela, nobuchwepheshe bezemvelo, obuqhutshwa izimfuno nezinselelo zamandla e-fusion.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe bungathonywa kanjani ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwamandla e-fusion, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuncika kwamandla kanye nokuguquguquka kwamandla omhlaba?
• Iyiphi indima engadlalwa imiphakathi kanye nohulumeni basekhaya ekusekeleni ukuguqukela emphakathini ohlanganisa amandla?