Ma rector ang'onoang'ono: Kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 31, 2024

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ma nyukiliya ang'onoang'ono (SMRs) amapereka njira yaying'ono, yosinthika kutengera zida zanyukiliya zachikhalidwe zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo champhamvu ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya padziko lonse lapansi. Mapangidwe awo amatheketsa kusonkhana kwa fakitale ndi kuyenda mosavuta kupita kumalo oikapo, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa malo akutali ndikuthandizira ku ntchito yomanga yofulumira, yotsika mtengo. Chitetezo chaukadaulowu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta bwino, komanso kuthekera koyika magetsi akumidzi komanso magetsi adzidzidzi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu momwe maiko amafikira pakupangira mphamvu zoyeretsera, kusinthasintha kwamalamulo, komanso njira zoperekera zida zanyukiliya.

Small m'njira riyakitala nkhani

Mosiyana ndi anzawo akuluakulu, ma SMR ali ndi mphamvu yofikira ma megawati 300 amagetsi (MW(e)) pagawo lililonse, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zopangira zida zanyukiliya wamba. Mapangidwe awo amalola kuti zigawo ndi machitidwe azisonkhanitsidwa mufakitale ndikutumizidwa ku malo oyika ngati gawo. Kusinthasintha ndi kusuntha kumeneku kumapangitsa ma SMRs kusinthika kukhala malo osayenera ma rectors akuluakulu, kumapangitsa kuti athe kutheka komanso kuchepetsa nthawi yomanga ndi ndalama.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zokakamiza kwambiri za SMRs ndi kuthekera kwawo kopereka magetsi otsika kaboni m'malo okhala ndi zida zochepa kapena malo akutali. Zotulutsa zawo zazing'ono zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma gridi omwe alipo kapena malo omwe alibe gridi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuyika magetsi akumidzi komanso gwero lamagetsi lodalirika pakagwa ngozi. Ma Microreactors, gawo laling'ono la ma SMR okhala ndi mphamvu yopangira magetsi nthawi zambiri mpaka 10 MW(e), ndi oyenera makamaka madera ang'onoang'ono kapena mafakitale akutali.

Mawonekedwe achitetezo ndi mphamvu yamafuta a SMRs amawasiyanitsanso ndi ma reactor achikhalidwe. Mapangidwe awo nthawi zambiri amadalira kwambiri machitidwe otetezera omwe safuna kuti munthu alowererepo, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutulutsidwa kwa radioactive pakachitika ngozi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma SMRs angafunike kuwonjezeredwa mafuta pafupipafupi, pomwe mapangidwe ena amagwira ntchito mpaka zaka 30 popanda mafuta atsopano. 

Zosokoneza

Maiko padziko lonse lapansi amatsata ukadaulo wa SMR kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo chawo champhamvu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma. Russia yakhala ikugwira ntchito yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yamagetsi ya nyukiliya yoyandama, ikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwa ma SMR, pomwe Canada imayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku wogwirizana ndi ntchito zachitukuko kuti aphatikizire ma SMR munjira yake yoyera yamagetsi. Ku US, thandizo la federal ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundu kapanganinganingani machitidwe machitidwenkensongwa3khuwewewewewewe WA KAguliromwenimwenimwenimwenimwenimwenimwenitivekuyitivetsativetsandzative' kuphatikizira njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito monga kupanga magetsi ndi njira zama mafakitale. Kuphatikiza apo, Argentina, China, South Korea, ndi UK akuwunika ukadaulo wa SMR kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo zachilengedwe komanso zosowa zamphamvu. 

Mabungwe owongolera akuyenera kusintha machitidwe omwe alipo kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe apadera a ma SMR, monga momwe amapangira ma modular komanso kuthekera kosinthika kwamasamba. Zolinga izi zingaphatikizepo kukhazikitsa miyezo yatsopano yachitetezo, njira zoperekera ziphaso, ndi njira zoyang'anira zomwe zimayenderana ndi ma SMRs. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pa kafukufuku, chitukuko, ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa matekinoloje a SMR kumatha kufulumizitsa kutumizidwa kwawo ndikuphatikizidwa mumagetsi apadziko lonse lapansi.

Makampani omwe ali ndi zida zanyukiliya amatha kukumana ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa zida zopangira ma modular, zomwe zitha kupangidwa bwino kwambiri pamafakitole ndikutumizidwa kumalo osonkhanitsira. Njira yofananirayi imatha kupangitsa kuti nthawi yomanga ikhale yocheperako komanso kutsika mtengo kwachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapulojekiti amagetsi a nyukiliya akhale osangalatsa kwambiri kwa osunga ndalama ndi makampani othandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale omwe amafunikira gwero lodalirika la kutentha kwazinthu, monga kutulutsa madzi amchere ndi kupanga mankhwala, amatha kupindula ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe apadera a SMR, kutsegulira njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito zamafakitale komanso kukhazikika kwachilengedwe.

Zotsatira za ma reactor ang'onoang'ono

Zotsatira zazikulu za ma SMRs zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa gridi kumadera akutali ndi akumidzi, kuchepetsa kudalira majenereta a dizilo komanso kulimbikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi.
• Kusintha kwa mwayi wa ntchito kupita kukupanga zida zapamwamba komanso ntchito zanyukiliya, zomwe zimafunikira maluso atsopano ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira.
• Kuchepetsa zolepheretsa kulowa m'maiko omwe akufuna kutengera mphamvu za nyukiliya, kukhazikitsa demokalase mwayi wopeza matekinoloje amagetsi oyera.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kotsutsa ntchito zanyukiliya chifukwa chachitetezo komanso zovuta zowongolera zinyalala, zomwe zimafunikira kuti anthu azikambirana komanso kulankhulana momveka bwino.
• Machitidwe osinthika amphamvu omwe angaphatikize mosavuta magwero ongowonjezedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.
• Maboma akukonzanso ndondomeko za mphamvu kuti aphatikize njira zotumizira ma SMR, kutsindika magwero a mphamvu ya carbon yochepa.
• Kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo, ndi ma SMR omwe amafunikira malo ocheperapo kuposa magetsi achikhalidwe kapena kuyika kwakukulu kongowonjezedwanso.
• Njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama zama projekiti amagetsi, motsogozedwa ndi kutsika kwamitengo yamagulu ndi kutsika kwa ma SMR.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko mu matekinoloje apamwamba a nyukiliya, molimbikitsidwa ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito ndi deta zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku SMR deployments.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi ma SMR angathane bwanji ndi chitetezo ndi zinyalala zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya?
• Ndi gawo lanji lomwe anthu angachite popanga mfundo ndi malingaliro aboma pazamphamvu za nyukiliya ndi kutumiza kwa SMR?