Ama-reactor ama-modular amancane: Abangela ushintsho olukhulu kumandla enuzi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 31, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ama-modular reactors amancane (ama-SMR) ahlinzeka ngenye indlela encane, evumelana nezimo kuma-reactors endabuko enuzi enamandla okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele. Idizayini yabo yenza kube lula ukuhlangana kwefekthri kanye nokuthuthwa kalula ezindaweni zokufaka, okuzenza zilungele izindawo ezikude futhi zibe negalelo kumaphrojekthi wokwakha asheshayo, angabizi kakhulu. Izici zokuphepha zalobu buchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, kanye namandla okufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi wezimo eziphuthumayo kuphawula ushintsho olukhulu endleleni amazwe abheka ngayo ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, ukujwayelana nokulawula, kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezikhali zenuzi.

Umongo wama-modular ama-reactor amancane

Ngokungafani nozakwabo abakhulu, ama-SMR anamandla afinyelela kumamegawathi angu-300 kagesi (MW(e)) ngeyunithi ngayinye, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamandla okukhiqiza ama-reactors avamile enuzi. Idizayini yabo ivumela izingxenye namasistimu ukuthi ahlanganiswe efekthri futhi athuthelwe endaweni yokufaka njengeyunithi. Lokhu kumodula nokuphatheka kwenza ama-SMR avumelane nezimo ezindaweni ezingafanele ama-reactor amakhulu, kuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwazo futhi kwehlise izikhathi nezindleko zokwakha.

Esinye sezici eziphoqelela kakhulu zama-SMR amandla awo okuhlinzeka ngogesi onekhabhoni ephansi ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda elinganiselwe noma izindawo ezikude. Okukhiphayo okuncane kufanelana kahle phakathi kwamagridi akhona noma izindawo ezingaphandle kwegridi, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu ukufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nomthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Ama-Microreactors, isethi engaphansi yama-SMR enamandla okukhiqiza amandla ngokuvamile afika ku-10 MW(e), afaneleka kakhulu imiphakathi emincane noma izimboni ezikude.

Izici zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kwama-SMR kuyaqhubeka nokuwahlukanisa kuma-reactor avamile. Imiklamo yabo ivame ukuthembela kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphepha ezingenzi lutho ezingadingi ukungenelela komuntu, okunciphisa ubungozi bokukhishwa kwemisebe uma kwenzeka ingozi. Ukwengeza, ama-SMR angase adinge ukugcwaliswa kabusha okungajwayelekile, amanye amadizayini asebenza iminyaka engafika kwengama-30 ngaphandle kukaphethiloli omusha. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele aphishekela ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe be-SMR ukuze athuthukise ukuvikeleka kwawo kwamandla, anciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi akhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. I-Russia isisebenzise isikhungo sokuqala samandla enuzi esintantayo emhlabeni, esibonisa ukuguquguquka kwama-SMR, kuyilapho i-Canada igxile ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe kanye nemizamo yentuthuko yokuhlanganisa ama-SMRs ohlelweni lwawo lwamandla ahlanzekile. E-US, ukwesekwa kombuso kanye nentuthuko yokulawula kusiza amaphrojekthi afana nedizayini ye-SMR ye-NuScale Power ukuhlukanisa amathuba okusebenza afana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezinqubo zezimboni. Ukwengeza, i-Argentina, i-China, i-South Korea, ne-UK bahlola ubuchwepheshe be-SMR ukuze bahlangabezane nezinhloso zabo zemvelo kanye nezidingo zamandla. 

Izindikimba ezilawulayo zidinga ukulungisa izinhlaka zamanje ukuze zivumelane nezici eziyingqayizivele zama-SMR, njengokwakhiwa kwawo kwemojuli kanye namandla okuvumelana nezimo. Lezi zinhlaka zingase zibandakanye ukuthuthukisa amazinga amasha okuphepha, izinqubo zokunikeza amalayisense, nezindlela zokwengamela eziklanyelwe izici ezithile zama-SMR. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ocwaningweni, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokumiswa kobuchwepheshe be-SMR kungasheshisa ukuthunyelwa nokuhlanganiswa kwabo ohlelweni lwamandla omhlaba.

Izinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezikhali zenuzi zingase zithole isidingo esikhulayo sezingxenye zemodular, ezingakhiqizwa ngokuphumelelayo kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri bese zithuthelwa kumasayithi ukuze zihlanganiswe. Le ndlela ye-modular ingaholela kusikhathi sokwakha esifushane kanye nezindleko zemali ephansi, yenze amaphrojekthi wamandla enuzi ahehe ngokwezezimali kubatshalizimali kanye nezinkampani zezinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezidinga umthombo onokwethenjelwa wokushisa kwenqubo, njengezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, zingazuza ekuphumeni kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwemiklamo ethile ye-SMR, zivule izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza kahle kwezimboni kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.

Imithelela yama-reactors amancane

Imithelela ebanzi yama-SMR ingafaka: 

• Kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwegridi ezindaweni ezikude nezasemaphandleni, kuncishiswe ukuthembela kumajeneretha kadizili kanye nokukhuthaza ukulingana kwamandla.
• Ushintsho emathubeni omsebenzi abheke emisebenzini yokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe benuzi, edinga amakhono amasha kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
• Kwehliswe imigoqo yokungena emazweni ahlose ukusebenzisa amandla enuzi, ukwenza intando yeningi ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile.
• Ukwenyuka kokuphikiswa kwendawo kumaphrojekthi enuzi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha kanye nezindaba zokulawulwa kwemfucuza, okudinga ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana okusobala.
• Izinhlelo zamandla eziguquguqukayo ezengeziwe ezingahlanganisa kalula imithombo evuselelekayo, okuholela kungqalasizinda yamandla eqinile.
• Ohulumeni ababuyekeza izinqubomgomo zamandla ukuze bafake amasu okuthunyelwa kwe-SMR, okugcizelela imithombo yamandla ekhabhoni ephansi.
• Izinguquko kumaphethini okusetshenziswa komhlaba, nama-SMR adinga indawo encane kunemishini yamandla evamile noma ukufakwa okukhulu okuvuselelekayo.
• Amamodeli amasha okuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi wamandla, aqhutshwa yizindleko zekhephithali ezincishisiwe kanye nokwanda kwama-SMR.
• Ukwenyuswa kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kubuchwepheshe benuzi obuthuthukisiwe, obugqugquzelwa isipiliyoni sokusebenza nedatha eqoqwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-SMR.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ama-SMR angabhekana kanjani nokuphepha nokukhathazeka kokuphathwa kukadoti okuhlobene namandla enuzi?
• Iyiphi indima abantu abangayibamba ekubumbeni inqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye nemibono mayelana namandla enuzi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-SMR?