Phages: Phetolelo ea lithibela-mafu?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• E se eka 6, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Phages, livaerase tse etselitsoeng ho shebisisa le ho bolaea libaktheria tse itseng, li fana ka mokhoa o ts'episang ho fapana le lithibela-mafu, tse seng li sa sebetse hantle ka lebaka la tšebeliso e fetelletseng le ho baka khanyetso ea baktheria. Tšebeliso ea phages e fetela ka nģ'ane ho mafu a batho ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang le ho hlahisa lijo, ho ka 'na ha eketsa chai ea lijalo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, le ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa ho loantša likokoana-hloko bakeng sa lihoai. Litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa phages li kenyelletsa kabo e leka-lekaneng ea lijo lefatšeng ka bophara le kholo ea liindasteri tse nyane tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, hammoho le liphephetso tse kang litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa tikoloho, likhang tsa boitšoaro, le kotsi ea mafu a macha a hananang le lithibela-mafu.

Boemo ba Phages

Lithibela-mafu li file batho tšireletso ea bohlokoa khahlanong le mafu a mangata lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea tsona e feteletseng e entse hore libaktheria tse ling li se ke tsa hlola li itoanela, ’me maemong a mang, lithibela-mafu tsohle tse tsejoang. Ka lehlohonolo, phages e emela mokhoa o mong o ts'episang oa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le bokamoso bo kotsi bo tlatsitsoeng ke mafu a hananang le lithibela-mafu. 

Pakeng tsa 2000 le 2015, tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu e eketsehile ka liphesente tse 26.2 lefatšeng ka bophara, ho latela database ea lihlopha tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo. Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lithibela-mafu lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena e entse hore libaktheria tse 'maloa tse hlasetsoeng li hatelle litlhare tse thibelang likokoana-hloko. Tsoelo-pele ena e entse hore batho le liphoofolo tse ruuoang ba be kotsing ea ho tšoaetsoa ke baktheria ’me e tlatselitse ho hlahiseng tse bitsoang “superbugs.” 

Phages e fana ka tharollo e tšepisang mokhoa ona o ntseng o tsoela pele hobane o sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ho feta lithibela-mafu; feela, phages ke likokoana-hloko tse 'nileng tsa enjenere ho khetha ho shebisisa le ho bolaea mefuta e itseng ea libaktheria. Phages e batla ebe e ikenta ka har'a lisele tsa baktheria tse lebisitsoeng, li ikatisa ho fihlela libaktheria li senngoa, ebe lia qhalana. Tšepiso e bontšitsoeng ke phages ea ho phekola libaktheria e ile ea etsa hore Univesithi ea Texas A&M e bule Setsi sa Phage Technology ka 2010. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

PGH le li-startups tse ling tse 'maloa li lumela hore phages e ka sebelisoa ka ntle ho mafu a batho, haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo le lihlahisoa tsa lijo. Theko e bapisoang ea ho etsa litlhare tsa phage le ho fumana tumello ea Federal Drug Administration ho la US e tla boloka litheko li bapisoa le lithibela-mafu le ho lumella lihoai ho fumana libetsa tse ncha tse loantšang libaktheria. Leha ho le joalo, li-phages li hloka ho bolokoa mocheso oa 4°C, e leng se bakang phephetso ea ho boloka thepa ts'ebelisong ea tsona e pharaletseng. 

Kaha liphage li ne li ikekeletsa likokoana-hloko tse hlokahalang ho senya libaktheria tse lebisitsoeng, lihoai li ne li ke ke tsa hlola li tšoenyeha ka likotsi tsa lefu la baktheria mehlapeng ea tsona. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, li-phages li ka boela tsa thusa lijalo tsa lijo ho itšireletsa khahlanong le mafu a baktheria, kahoo li thusa lihoai ho eketsa chai ea lijalo le phaello ha lijalo tse kholo li ka kotuloa, 'me qetellong li lumella indasteri ea temo ho theola litšenyehelo le ho eketsa menyetla ea bona ea ho sebetsa. 

Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-2020, melemo ena e tsotehang e tla bona mekhoa ea phekolo ea phage e amoheloa ka mokhoa oa khoebo, haholo-holo linaheng tse hlahisang lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa temo. Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka phages maemong a mocheso a loketseng e ka boela ea lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea mefuta e mecha ea lihatsetsi tse tsamaeang ho tšehetsa tšebeliso ea phage ka har'a indasteri ea temo le ea bophelo bo botle. Ntle le moo, li-2030s li ka bona bo-ramahlale ba theha mekhoa ea ho boloka e sa hlokeng sehatsetsi, joalo ka ho omisa ka sehatsetsi, ho ka lumellang phages ho bolokoa mocheso oa kamore nako e telele. 

Liphello tsa phages

Litlamorao tse pharaletseng tsa phages li ka kenyelletsa:

• Masalla a lijo a fihlelletsoeng ka kotulo e eketsehileng le tlhahiso e feteletseng e abeloa linaha tse nang le khaello ea lijo, e leng se lebisang kabong e leka-lekaneng ea lijo lefatšeng ka bophara le ho fokotsa tlala libakeng tse futsanehileng.
• Ho eketseha ha litekanyetso tsa nako ea bophelo le ho theola litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bakeng sa bakuli ba batho le liphoofolo tse ruiloeng tse nang le tšoaetso e thibelang lithibela-mafu tse ka qetellang li fumane phekolo ha ho ne ho se na tse neng li le teng pele, e leng se etsang hore ho be le baahi ba phetseng hantle le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
• Khōlo e potlakileng ea indasteri e nyenyane ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e sebetsanang le lipatlisiso tsa phage, tlhahiso le kabo, e lebisang menyetla e mecha ea mesebetsi le ho kenya letsoho kholisong ea moruo lekaleng la biotechnology.
• Ho tšehetsa ka boinyenyefatso lipalo tsa kholo ea baahi lefatšeng ka bophara joalo ka phages ho ka thusa ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho shoa ha bana, ho lebisa ho mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea palo ea batho le melemo e ka bang teng ea moruo ho tsoa ho basebetsi ba ntseng ba eketseha.
• Ho itšetleha ho feteletseng ka liphage temong, ho lebisang liphellong tse sa lebelloang tsa tikoloho le mathata a ho boloka mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng.
• Matšoenyeho a boitšoaro le likhang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea phages ho tsa bongaka le temo, e lebisang ho maemo a thata a taolo a ka sitisang tsoelopele libakeng tse ling.
• Monyetla oa hore li-monopoli kapa li-oligopoli li thehoe ka har'a indasteri ea phage, e lebisang ho phihlello e sa lekanang ea lisebelisoa tsena tsa bohlokoa le litlamorao tse mpe tse ka bang teng likhoebong tse nyane le bareking.
• Kotsi ea mefuta e mecha ea ts'oaetso e hananang le lithibela-mafu e hlahang ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e fosahetseng ea phages, e lebisang ho mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle le likoluoa ​​​​tse ka bang teng tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Tšusumetso e mpe ea phages e ka ba efe ho indasteri ea temo le bophelo bo botle? 
• Na u lumela hore li-superbugs le livaerase li ka hanana le phages?