Ukulwa nokuguga kanye nomnotho: Lapho intsha yaphakade ingenelela emnothweni wethu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 1, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukuphishekela ukuphila isikhathi eside kuguqukele emkhankasweni wesayensi wokuqonda nokunciphisa inqubo yokuguga, eqhutshwa izinselele zokunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu abaguga emhlabeni wonke. Lolu cwaningo, olugqugquzelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni eyahlukene okuhlanganisa ezobuchwepheshe nezifundiswa, kuhloswe ngalo ukunciphisa izifo ezihambisana neminyaka nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila esichithwa empilweni enhle. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokuguga buthuthuka, bangabumba kabusha izinhlaka zomphakathi, kusukela ezimakethe zabasebenzi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthatha umhlalaphansi kuye emikhubeni yabathengi nokuhlela amadolobha.

Umongo wokulwa nokuguga nomnotho

Ukufuna ukuphila isikhathi eside bekuyindikimba engaguquki kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, futhi enkathini yanamuhla, lokhu kuphila sekuthathe inguquko yesayensi. Abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke bahlolisisa izimfihlakalo zokuguga, befuna izindlela zokwehlisa ijubane noma ngisho nokumisa inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-senescence - igama lebhayoloji lokuguga. Lo mzamo wesayensi awuwona nje umsebenzi oyize; kuyimpendulo ezinseleleni ezikhulayo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo eziza nenani labantu asebekhulile. Ngo-2027, kulinganiselwa ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke yocwaningo nokwelashwa okulwa nokuguga izofinyelela ku-USD 14.22 bhiliyoni emangalisayo, okubonisa ukuphuthuma kanye nesilinganiso salolu daba lwezempilo lomhlaba wonke.

Intshisekelo ocwaningweni lokulwa nokuguga ayigcini nje emphakathini wesayensi. Abaphathi abasezingeni eliphezulu abavela emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe kanye nesoftware nabo bayawabona amandla alo mkhakha futhi batshala imali eningi kuwo. Ukuzibandakanya kwabo akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezimali ezidingeka kakhulu kodwa futhi kuletha umbono omusha nendlela entsha ocwaningweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, izikhungo zezemfundo zenza izivivinyo zomtholampilo, zifuna ukwembula izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezinganciphisa imiphumela yokuguga noma zikuvimbele ngokuphelele.

Umgomo oyinhloko wocwaningo lokulwa nokuguga ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezihlobene neminyaka ngokuvimbela ukuguga kwamangqamuzana omuntu. Enye indlela ethembisayo yocwaningo ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-metformin, umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela soHlobo II. Abacwaningi bahlola amandla e-metformin okuvikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezihlobene nokuguga, ngethemba lokuthi angenwebe nje kuphela isikhathi sokuphila kodwa futhi nempilo - isikhathi sokuphila esichithwa unempilo enhle. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation, phakathi kuka-2015 no-2050, inani labantu emhlabeni wonke elineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 lizocishe liphindeke kabili lisuka kumaphesenti ayi-12 liye kuma-22%. Ngo-2030, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni wonke uyobe eseneminyaka okungenani engu-60. Njengoba lesi sibalo sabantu sikhula, isifiso (samaphesenti abalulekile alesi sibalo) sokuzizwa sibasha futhi singakhula. 

E-US, umuntu ohlanganisa iminyaka engu-65 uzosebenzisa cishe u-$142,000 kuya ku-$176,000 ekunakekelweni kwesikhathi eside phakathi nokuphila kwakhe. Kodwa, ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokuguga, izakhamizi zingase zikwazi ukuhlala ziphilile isikhathi eside njengoba zikhula futhi ziqhubeke nempilo yazo ngokuzimela. Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kungabuyisela iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi emuva, njengoba abantu abadala beba namandla futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza isikhathi eside. 

Lokhu kuqanjwa kabusha kungaba nenzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho, njengoba amabhizinisi ezothuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ukuze abhekelele izidingo zabantu njengoba bekhula. Futhi emazweni okubhekwe ukuthi ahlupheke ngenxa yabasebenzi asebekhulile, izindlela zokwelapha zokulwa nokuguga zingagcina abasebenzi bawo bekhiqiza amashumi eminyaka engeziwe. Nokho, ukungenelela, njengokunqanda ukuguga, akuzi ngaphandle kwezindleko; zingabhebhethekisa ukungalingani obekukhona ngaphambili njengoba kunikeza abacebile ithuba lokuphila nokukhulisa ingcebo yabo amashumi eminyaka engeziwe, kwandise igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu. 

Imithelela yokulwa nokuguga kanye nomnotho

Imithelela ebanzi yokulwa nokuguga nomnotho ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwenyuka kweminyaka yokusebenza, okuholela ekushintsheni ezimakethe zezabasebenzi lapho abantu abadala besala benegalelo elisebenzayo emnothweni isikhathi eside.
• Ukwenyuka kwesidingo semithi elwa nokuguga ekhuthaza ukukhula komnotho emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuholela ekudalweni kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha nezinsizakalo ezihambisana nezidingo zabantu asebekhulile.
• Abantu ababambezela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, okuholela ezinguqulweni zezinhlelo zempesheni namasu okuhlela omhlalaphansi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha emkhakheni wezokwelapha, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi yomuntu siqu kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Ushintsho emaphethini okusebenzisa kwabathengi, nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezabelwe imikhiqizo yezempilo nezempilo kanye namasevisi.
• Izinguquko ezinhlelweni zedolobha kanye nezinqubomgomo zezindlu, ngokugcizelela kakhulu ekudaleni izindawo ezilungele iminyaka yobudala.
• Izinguquko ezinhlelweni zemfundo, kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekufundeni impilo yonke kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nempilo yokusebenza eyandisiwe.
• Ukucutshungulwa kokucutshungulwa kanye nokulawulwa kohulumeni, okuholela kuzinqubomgomo ezintsha ezihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithi yokwelapha elwa nokuguga.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ukwelula isikhathi sokuphila kungawusiza umnotho wasekhaya noma ingabe lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingamane zinciphise amathuba emisebenzi esizukulwaneni esisha?
• Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesayensi kungawuthinta kanjani umehluko okhulayo phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu?