Ukuvala ikhambi: Ukwenza i-immunotherapy yomdlavuza iphumelele kakhulu

Kuthiwani uma ikhambi lomdlavuza bekuyizivikeli mzimba zakho? Luningi ucwaningo olwenziwe ekwenzeni lokho kube yiqiniso. Ukwelashwa kubizwa i-immunotherapy, lapho ama-T cell akho eshintshwa izakhi zofuzo ukuze abone amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi awabhubhise.

Kodwa lokhu kwelashwa okwamanje kubiza kakhulu futhi kudla isikhathi, ngakho ucwaningo selungene ekwenzeni i-immunotherapy ifinyeleleke futhi isebenze kakhudlwana. Phakathi ku ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe kumagazini iScience Translational Medicine, iqembu lososayensi baseBrithani kubikwa ukuthi “belaphe” izingane ezimbili ezisanda kuzalwa i-leukemia (umdlavuza wegazi) usebenzisa i-immunotherapy. Nakuba isifundo senzile ukulinganiselwa okukhulu, ibonise isisombululo esingaba khona sokuxazulula izinkinga zokwelashwa ngokusebenzisa a indlela entsha yokuhlela izakhi zofuzo ebizwa ngokuthi i-TALENS.

Ukubhekisisa i-immunotherapy

Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-CAR T wuhlobo lwe-immunotherapy olucatshangelwa emphakathini womdlavuza. Imele i-chimeric antigen receptor T cell. Ukwelapha kuhilela ukukhipha amanye ama-T cell (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhomba futhi abulale abahlaseli) egazini lesiguli. Lawo maseli aguqulwa ngokofuzo ngokwengeza ama-receptors akhethekile endaweni yawo ebizwa ngokuthi ama-CAR. Khona-ke amangqamuzana aphinde afakwe egazini lesiguli. Ama-receptors abe esefuna amaseli e-tumor, anamathisele kuwo futhi awabulale. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kuphela ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, nakuba ezinye izinkampani zemithi zihlela ukwenza ukwelashwa kutholakale ungakapheli unyaka.

Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenze kahle ezigulini ezisencane ze-leukemia. Uhlangothi olungezansi? Kuyabiza futhi kudla isikhathi. Isethi ngayinye yama-T cell ashintshiwe kudingeka enzelwe isiguli ngasinye. Kwesinye isikhathi iziguli azinawo ama-T cell anele anempilo ukwenza lokhu kuqale. Ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo kuzixazulula ezinye zalezi zinkinga.

Yini entsha?

Ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo kungukukhohlisa kwezakhi zofuzo ku-DNA yomuntu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lusebenzise indlela entsha yokuhlela izakhi zofuzo ebizwa ngokuthi i-TALENS. Lokhu kwenza ama-T cell abe yindawo yonke, okusho ukuthi angasetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isiguli. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-T cell enziwe ngokwezifiso, ukwenza ama-T cell universal kunciphisa isikhathi nemali edingekayo ukwelapha iziguli.

Ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo nakho kuyasetshenziselwa ukususa izithiyo ezenza ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T cell kungasebenzi kahle. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania njengamanje bacwaninga izindlela zokusebenzisa i- inqubo yokuhlela izakhi zofuzo CRISPR ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-checkpoint inhibitors ezivimbela ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T cell ekusebenzeni ngendlela okufanele. Uhlolo oluzayo luzosebenzisa iziguli ezingabantu.