Ukufakelwa kwekhanda lokuqala: kusethwe ukwethula ngasekupheleni kuka-2017

I-scoop

Emuva lapho usesikoleni samabanga aphezulu, kulelo kilasi lebhayoloji wathatha lokho kwamangaza ngokulinganayo futhi kwakuphatha kabi, ungase ukhumbule ngokufunda mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesayensi okumbalwa okwenziwe ngempela. Ngaphandle kokungavamile, okuphazamisa kakhulu, okuxakile, ukuhlola kuka-Vladimir Demikhov ngokufakelwa kwekhanda lezinja nakanjani kuphezulu ohlwini. Eqhutshwa eSoviet Union ngawo-1950, isihloko sikaDemikhov sasheshe safa ngenxa yokusabela komzimba. Kodwa ucwaningo lwakhe lwabonakala luwusizo ekuvuleni iminyango yesayensi yokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba. Ngemva kokufakelwa inhliziyo yomuntu okuphumelelayo, ososayensi base bekulungele ukubuyela emcabangweni wokufakelwa ikhanda, futhi benza kanjalo. Kuze kube manje, ukufakelwa kwekhanda kuye kwenziwa ngazo zombili izinkawu nezinja, ngempumelelo elinganiselwe. Kodwa nakuba lokhu kuqanjwa kungase kubonakale kuthakazelisa, ososayensi abaningi bayawugxeka lo mbono, bephikisa ngokuthi izinqubo ziyingozi kakhulu futhi, kwezinye izimo, azihambisani neze nezimiso zokuziphatha. Yebo, kunjalo. Umqondo wonke ubonakala udidekile ngokuphelele, akunjalo? Hhayi-ke, uzokujabulela ukwazi okuhlosiwe okulandelayo kokufakelwa kwekhanda: abantu.

Yebo, kunjalo. Ngonyaka odlule nje, udokotela ohlinzayo wezinzwa wase-Italy uDkt. Sergio Canavero wenza obala izinhlelo zakhe zokuqhuba ukufakelwa kwekhanda lomuntu okokuqala ngoDisemba 2017. Ngokushesha wabangela ukuzwa okukhulu emphakathini wesayensi, futhi ukwamukela kwakukuhle futhi kubi. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalibheka lolu hlelo njengenkohliso kuze kube yilapho isihloko sokuhlolwa, indoda yaseRussia egama layo linguValery Spiridonov, yaqinisekisa izinhlelo zikaCanavero ngokuziveza njengesifundo sokuzithandela. Manje, u-Canavero uya phambili, esanda kuqasha udokotela wezinzwa waseShayina uDkt. Xioping Ren eqenjini lakhe, futhi umphakathi wesayensi ubambe umoya, awunalutho olunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokulinda futhi ubone ukuthi kwenzekani imiphumela.

Faka i-valery

Lapho umhlaba uqala ukuthola ukuthi umuntu ophilayo, ophefumulayo, osebenza ngokugcwele uzinikele ekuhloleni le mvelo enyantisayo, bekungokwemvelo ukuthi abantu abaningi bashaqeke. Imuphi umuntu onengqondo kulo Mhlaba omkhulu, oluhlaza ongavolontiya ngesifiso sokufa? Kodwa izintatheli ezivela I-Atlantic yalandisa ngendaba kaValery nendlela athatha ngayo lesi sinqumo esishaqisayo.

U-Valery Spiridonov ungumhleli wezinhlelo waseRussia oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala ophethwe isifo i-Werdnig-Hoffmann. Lesi sifo, uhlobo olungavamile lwe-spinal atrophy, isifo sofuzo, futhi ngokuvamile sibulala labo abaphethwe. Ngamagama ayisisekelo, lesi sifo sibangela ukuwohloka okukhulu kwezicubu zemisipha futhi sibulale amangqamuzana abalulekile ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni ovumela ukunyakaza komzimba. Ngakho, unenkululeko elinganiselwe yokunyakaza, ethembele esitulweni sabakhubazekile (njengoba izitho nemilenze yakhe zintekenteke ngendlela eyingozi) futhi akakwazi ukwenza okungaphezu kokuziphakela, ngezinye izikhathi athayiphe, futhi alawule isihlalo sakhe sabakhubazekile ngokusebenzisa induku yokudlala. Ngenxa yesimo esibi sempilo kaValery yamanje, I-Atlantic kubika ukuthi u-Valery wayenethemba ngayo yonke le ndaba, ethi, "Ukususa zonke izingxenye ezigulayo kodwa ikhanda lingenza umsebenzi omuhle kimi ... ngangingaboni enye indlela yokwelapha mina."

Inqubo

"I-cadaver entsha ingase isebenze njengommeleli wesifundo esibukhoma inqobo nje uma ithuba lihlonishwa (amahora ambalwa)." Amazwi athembekile avela kuCanavero ozethembayo; yena nethimba lakhe sebevele benze umdwebo obonakala uyisiphukuphuku wokuthi ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe kanjani, futhi uye wachaza kabanzi emaphepheni ambalwa ashicilelwe yiphephabhuku i-Surgical Neurology International.

Ngemva kokuthola imvume evela emndenini kaSpiridonov (kanye nomndeni womunye wevolontiya, osazobizwa) ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlinzwa, umzimba ka-Valery wawuzoqala ukulungiswa. Umzimba wakhe wawuzopholiswa uze ufike ku-50 degrees Fahrenheit ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufa kwezicubu zobuchopho, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze yonke indaba ithathe isikhathi kakhulu. Khona-ke, izintambo zomgogodla zombili zesiguli zaziyonqunywa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi amakhanda azo ayeyokhishwa ngokuphelele emizimbeni yazo. Ikhanda likaSpiridonov lalizobe selithuthwa ngekhrane elenziwe ngokwezifiso liyiswe entanyeni yomunye umnikezeli, bese kuthi umgogodla ulungiswe kusetshenziswa i-PEG, i-polyethylene glycol, ikhemikhali eyaziwa ngokugcina ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omgogodla.

Ngemuva kokufanisa imisipha yomzimba onikelayo kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi nekhanda likaSpiridonov, u-Valery uzoba ngaphansi kwe-coma evela endaweni ethile phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izinkinga zesitimela njengoba ephulukiswa. Bese? Odokotela abahlinzayo bangalinda futhi babone.

Nakuba kunembe kakhulu ekuhlelweni, konke ukufakelwa kuzodinga inani elikhulu lemali nesikhathi; kuye kwalinganiselwa ukuthi cishe odokotela abahlinzayo abangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kanye namashumi ezigidi zamaRandi bazodingeka ukwenza lokhu kufakelwa “kusebenze”, uma kuvunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, uCanavero usalokhu eqiniseka, ethi inqubo inamaphesenti angama-90 kanye nezinga lempumelelo.

I-reception

Njengoba kumangalisa njengoba izivivinyo zibonakala emcabangweni, umphakathi wesayensi awukawusekeli ngokuphelele lo mbono.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, ngisho nabantu abasondelene noValery abawusekeli lo mbono ngamaphesenti angu-100. U-Valery uveze ukuthi intombi yakhe imelene kakhulu nawo wonke umsebenzi.

“Uyangeseka kukho konke engikwenzayo, kodwa akacabangi ukuthi kufanele ngishintshe, uyangemukela ngendlela engiyiyo. Akacabangi ukuthi ngidinga ukuhlinzwa.” Uyasho, kodwa ube esechaza isizathu sakhe esiyinhloko sokufuna ukuba yonke le nqubo yenziwe. “Inhloso yami ngokwami ​​imayelana nokwenza ngcono izimo zami zempilo nokuthi ngiye esigabeni lapho ngizokwazi khona ukuzinakekela, lapho ngizobe ngizimele ngaphandle kwabanye abantu...ngidinga abantu abazongisiza nsuku zonke, ngisho kabili ngosuku. ngoba ngidinga othile ozongisusa embhedeni wami angibeke esihlalweni sami esinamasondo, ngakho kwenza ukuphila kwami ​​kuthembeke kakhulu kwabanye abantu futhi uma kuzoba nendlela yokushintsha lokhu ngikholelwa ukuthi kufanele kuzanywe.”

Kodwa izazi eziningi zesayensi azivumelani nalokho. “Ukwenza nje ukuhlola akulungile,” kumemezela uDkt. Jerry Silver, udokotela wezinzwa e-Case Western Reserve. Futhi abanye abaningi bayavumelana nalo muzwa, abaningi bebhekisela ekuhlolweni okuhleliwe njengokuthi “The Next Frankenstein”.

Bese kuba nemiphumela yezomthetho. Uma ukufakelwa kusebenza ngandlela thize, futhi u-Valery aphinde akhiqize ngalowo mzimba, ubani ubaba ozalayo: u-Valery, noma umnikezeli wokuqala? Kuningi okumele sikugwinye, kodwa uValery ubheke phambili ekusaseni ngokumamatheka.