Izinhlungu, izinzuzo kanye nomjaho we-Mars

Ingabe uhlanga lwesintu lwadalelwa ukuzidela noma ingabe abantu badale i-adventure? Ingabe ukuhlola kwendawo yangaphandle kuwukuphusha kusuka kusayensi ukuze kuhlolwe imikhawulo yentuthuko yomuntu futhi kutholakale enye indlela engcono kuneplanethi engumhlaba? Noma ingabe ukuhlola semkhathi kuwukubonakaliswa kwesifiso esinganeliseki sesintu sokugijima kwe-adrenaline, manje esichichima emihubheni yobuchwepheshe nesayensi? 

Umjaho ovuselelwe oya ku-Mars kanye nokuthakaselwa okugcwele nomkhathi  kuphakamisa lezi zinkinga kanye nombuzo obanzi wokuthi umdlali omkhulu ekuhloleni komkhathi ngabafuna iqiniso lesayensi noma abafuna injabulo ye-adrenaline. 

I-Adrenaline idala inguqulo ephelele yomzimba wethu ngokwehlisa eminye imisebenzi yomzimba ukuze ikhulise eminye. Lokhu kubangela ukugxuma kungazelelwe kusistimu yomzimba futhi umzimba uthola i-euphoric jolt             a mandla, ngenxa yokwanda kokuphefumula nomfutho wegazi, kanye nokuphuma kukashukela egazini. Umzimba ube usukwazi ukusebenza emazingeni angaphezu kwawomuntu, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zengozi. Ngesikhathi sokugijima kwe-adrenaline, ukugeleza kwegazi nomzimba nokugaya kuyayancipha ngenkathi umkhawulo wezinhlungu ugxuma phezulu. Ngemva kokushesha kokugeleza kwe-adrenaline kanye ne-peak hormone , umzimba ubuyela kancane kancane kokujwayelekile.  

Nakuba ukujaha kwe-adrenaline kuvame ukuvuswa indlela yokuzivikela yomzimba engokwemvelo, ukufuna ukuzidela kungase kubangele imizwa efanayo. Nakuba izinyathelo ezibucayi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezithathwa emjahweni we-Mars zingaphezu kokufuna injabulo yomuntu, ukusabela komphakathi kumishini ye-Mars kusekela umbono wokuthi abantu badonseleka ekuhloleni okuyingozi komkhathi.  

Umkhumbi-mkhathi olandelayo we-Mars uzokwethulwa ngo-2020 futhi injabulo nokulindelwe kuphezulu. Izizinda ezingaba ngu-30 ezingase zibe khona ze-Mars Rover Spacecraft ezingaba ngu-$2.5 billion ziqale zafakwa ohlwini olufushane yi-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Amasayithi amathathu ekugcineni akhethiwe yilezi: I-Jezero crater, izinsalela ezomile zechibi lasendulo; I-Northeast Syrtis, eyayivame ukusingatha iziphethu ezishisayo; kanye ne-Columbia Hills.  

I-Mars 2020 rover mission iyingxenye yoHlelo Lokuhlola I-Mars lwe-NASA lokufuna izimpawu zokuphila ku-Mars. Izohlanganisa ukubhoboza irobhothi elizokwazi ukuqoqa amatshe namasampula enhlabathi ku-Mars ukuze lihlolwe emhlabeni liphinde libuyele ku-Mars futhi. Le mishini izophinde ithole ulwazi olubalulekile ekufuneni ubuchwepheshe obuzokwenza umuntu akwazi ukuphila lapho umuntu ezozama ukuhlala ku-Mars cishe eminyakeni engu-30 .    

 Ukuhlola okwangempela  

Ukuthola iqiniso kanye nohambo lokuqoqa amasampula oluya ku-Mars ngo-2020 kuzobonakala njengepikiniki ngosuku olupholile lwasehlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nohambo loku-Mars oluhlelelwe cishe ngo-2035. Uhambo lugcwele ingozi hhayi olwenhliziyo ebuthakathaka.  

I-Mars iyiplanethi yesine ukusuka eLangeni, futhi imayelana kalula nento ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. AmaRoma aqamba i-Mars nge-Ares, uNkulunkulu Wempi, nezinyanga ze-Phobos kanye ne- Deimos ngamadodana ka-Ares. Ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi 'Iplanethi Ebomvu' ngenxa yenhlabathi yayo ebomvu equkethe i-iron oxide.  

I-Alaska namadolobha aseduze ne-Arctic Circle aphakathi kwezindawo ezibanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa azisondeli noma kuphi ku-Mars lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingu--81°F, lehla lifike lifike --205°F ebusika obudlulele futhi likhuphuke lifike ku-72°F ehlobo. Umkhathi we-Mars ngokuvamile wakhiwe yi-carbon dioxide, futhi mncane kangangokuthi amanzi angaba khona kuphela njengeqhwa noma umhwamuko wamanzi.  

Ingcindezi ku-Mars iphansi kangangokuthi noma yimuphi umuntu omi ku-Mars ngaphandle kokuvikeleka uzofa ngokushesha njengoba umoya-mpilo osegazini lakhe uzophenduka ube amabhamuza. Isivinini somoya seziphepho eMars ngokuvamile singaphezu kuka-125 mph. Ingahlala amaviki wonke futhi imboze yonke iplanethi, okuyenza ibe isiphepho sothuli esaziwa kakhulu endaweni yonke. I-Mars iyiplanethi yesibili eseduze semhlabeni, kodwa isele iqhele ngamamayela ayizigidi ezingu-34. Ukube ubushayela i-60 mph emotweni, bekuzothatha Iminyaka engu-271 nezinsuku ezingu-221 zokufika e-Mars. 

UDkt. John Oakes, uMongameli we- Apologetics Research Society kanye noProfesa Wekhemistry e-Grossmont College, ukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlola i-Mars kuwumzamo ofanele, naphezu kwezithiyo zokuqala. Uthi “uqinisekile ukuthi izindleko zohambo oluya ku-Mars azikwazi ukuthethelelwa ngokwemibandela engokoqobo. Ingabiza amashumi ezigidigidi zamadola futhi ingabi nayo imbuyiselo esobala ekutshalweni kwezimali kuhulumeni noma ezikhungweni ezizimele ezingayikhokhela. Noma kunjalo, … umlando usitshela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okugxilile kwezinsiza emzamweni wesayensi, njengomjaho wokuya enyangeni kugcina kuvuna izinzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. UDkt. Oakes waqhubeka wachaza, “mancane amathuba okuthi sithole ukuthi ukuphila kwaba khona ngesikhathi esisodwa ku-Mars. Ukuphila, lapho kwaqala khona kwenye iplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga, cishe ekugcineni kwakuyoveza ukuphila kwenye iplanethi lapho.” 

Ithikithi lika-$500,000  

Naphezu kwezingozi, i-Mars isalokhu iyisiphakamiso esihehayo kukho kokubili isayensi nebhizinisi. U-Elon Musk, umsunguli we-SpaceX uhola ukuthengiswa okungenzeka kohambo lwasemkhathini. U-Elon unohlelo olunamandla lokungagcini nje ngokundizela abantu ku-Mars, kodwa nokwenza i-Mars ibe ikoloni futhi akhe impucuko entsha lapho ngaphambi kokuphela okungenakugwemeka kwesintu Emhlabeni.  

Bangaphezu kuka-100,000 abantu abafake izicelo zohambo lokuya indlela eyodwa ukuze benze i-Mars ibe koloni ngo-2022. Ithegi yentengo ilinganiselwa ku-$500,000! 

U-Elon Musk ulinganisela ukuthi izindleko zangempela ze ukuthenga ithikithi elilodwa lokuya kuMars okwamanje icishe ibe ngamabhiliyoni ayi-10. Kodwa le thegi yamanani ingase yehle iye ku-$200,000 - 500,000 uma i-SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System yenkampani yakhe isisebenza ngokugcwele futhi isimeme. 

U-William L. Seavey unguMqondisi wangaphambili we-Greener Pastures Institute nombhali we-AmeriCanada? Ukuxhumana Kwama-Cross Border kanye Namathuba okuthi “Idolobha Lethu Elilodwa Elikhulu.” Ufuna nokubona impilo ku-Mars. Uthi: “I-Mars ibonakala iyiplanethi efile, ngaphandle kwalapho amagciwane ehlala ekujuleni komhlaba. Awukho umkhathi namanzi amancane.” Ukholelwa ukuthi, “abantu ngolunye usuku bangase bacekele phansi umkhumbi wabo njengoba ubuchwepheshe bempi buqhubeka buthuthuka, futhi inani labantu landa ngaphezu kokusimama...Singakwazi ukumisa ikoloni elincane ku- Mars kodwa kungase kube kuphela kamuva 'ukuphinda sikhiphe' iplanethi ecekeleke phansi. umhlaba, futhi awusebenzi ngalutho ngaphandle kwesiphephelo sesikhashana.” 

I-NASA ilinganisela ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala we-Mars ngo-2035 uzobiza cishe $ 230 billion. Imisebenzi elandelayo, eyenzeka ngezikhathi zeminyaka emithathu, izobiza ngaphezulu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-284. Isamba sezindleko sokwenza i-Mars ibe ikoloni ingadlula kalula u-$2 trillion.