Isitoreji samandla esikali segridi: Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buletha ukuphila kusitoreji segridi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 13, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Isitoreji samandla esikali segridi siguqula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla avuselelekayo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina amandla avela emithonjeni efana nomoya nelanga lapho edingeka kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe, le ndlela inikezela ngomthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunalawo avuselelekayo. Lobu buchwepheshe benza amandla avuselelekayo athembeke kakhudlwana futhi afinyeleleke, okuholela ekushintsheni emaphethini okusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe.

Isitoreji samandla esikalini segridi umongo

Isitoreji samandla esikali segridi singagcina ugesi okhiqizwe emithonjeni evuselelekayo phakathi nezikhathi zokukhiqiza eziphezulu futhi siwubuyisele kugridi yamandla lapho isidingo siphezulu noma ukukhiqizwa kuphansi. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-12 okukhiqiza ugesi wesilinganiso esisetshenziswa e-US atholakala emoyeni nasesolar (ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency), ezihamba ngezikhawu ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu. Izixazululo zokugcina amandla zibalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukwethembeka kwale mithombo evuselelekayo kanye negalelo lazo ekuqedeni ikhabhoni yegridi kagesi, nakuba izinketho ezingabizi kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu bekunzima.

Enye inqubekelaphambili ephawulekayo ukwakhiwa kwebhethri eligeleza nge-redox ngabacwaningi base-Harvard University, esebenzisa i-electrolyte enamanzi, ephilayo. Lokhu kusungula kusebenzisa i-quinone noma izinhlanganisela ze-hydroquinone ku-electrolyte, enikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngezindleko, ukuphepha, ukuzinza, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla. I-Quino Energy, isiqalo esasungulwa ukuze kudayiswe lobu buchwepheshe, idonse ukunaka ngesithembiso sayo sokubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nesimo esingavamile semithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Leli bhethri eligelezayo liqondise ubude besikhathi sokuphuma amahora angu-5 kuya kwangu-20, likubeke njengenye indlela encintisanayo namabhethri e-lithium-ion esikhathi esifushane, ikakhulukazi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina ezimile zegridi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla esikalini segridi kugcizelelwa nakakhulu ukwesekwa okuvela eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-US, onikeze i-Quino Energy USD $4.58 million ukuze isize ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokuhlanganisa eyongayo neyongayo yokusabela kwamabhethri agelezayo. Lolu xhaso lugqamisa umkhankaso obanzi wokunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside, ukugcinwa kwamandla esikali segridi ngama-90% phakathi neminyaka eyishumi uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion. Indlela ye-Quino Energy ingaqeda isidingo sefekthri yamakhemikhali evamile ngokuvumela ibhethri eligelezayo ukuthi lihlanganise ama-reactants ayo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba amasistimu okugcina amandla aqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi okuqhubekayo ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo, abathengi bangase babone ukwehla kwezindleko zamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ukuthembela kumafutha abizayo ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuncipha. Lolu shintsho luphinde lukhuthaze ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe basekhaya obuhlakaniphile obuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, buphinde bunciphise izikweletu zamandla zasendlini futhi buthuthukise ukusimama kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, ukwethembeka kwamandla avuselelekayo kungaholela emathubeni amasha emisebenzi emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nokulawulwa kwamandla njengoba kukhula isidingo sobuchwepheshe kulezi zindawo.

Ezinkampanini, uguquko oluya kumandla avuselelekayo, olunwetshwe izixazululo zesitoreji segridi, lunikeza ithuba elikabili lokonga izindleko kanye nesibopho senkampani. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa ama-microgrid awo angase anganciki kancane kugridi yamandla evamile, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokwanda kokuzimela kwamandla. Lo mkhuba ungase futhi ube nomthelela ezinkampanini ukuthi zicabange kabusha amaketanga azo okuhlinzeka, zibeke phambili ukusimama kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa isimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezitshala imali kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo zingase zithuthukise isithunzi somkhiqizo wazo, zihehe amakhasimende nabatshalizimali abazisa ukunakekelwa kwemvelo.

Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla esikalini segridi kungase kudinge ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubomgomo zamandla zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kusekelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kugridi kazwelonke. Ohulumeni bangase banikeze izikhuthazo zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwamandla, bakhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokunciphisa izindleko. Okokugcina, ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo kungase kuholele ekuzimeleni kwamandla ezizweni eziningi, kunciphise isidingo sokuthengwa kwamandla kwamanye amazwe nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezwe.

Imithelela yokugcinwa kwamandla esikalini segridi

Imithelela ebanzi yokugcinwa kwamandla esikalini segridi ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokusebenza kwezinsiza ngenxa yokuncipha kokuthembela ezimbonini ezihamba phambili, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga kagesi kubathengi.
• Ukwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo njengoba ukugcinwa kwesikali segridi kunikeza isipele esithembekile, esiheha uxhaso oluthe xaxa oluyimfihlo nolukahulumeni.
• Ukuqiniswa kwegridi okuthuthukisiwe ngokumelene nezinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukunciphisa ukunqamuka kukagesi nokuthuthukisa izimpendulo eziphuthumayo.
• Ukunika amandla abathengi ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuhlukaniselwe abantu, okuvumela abantu ukuthi babuyisele amandla engeziwe kugridi futhi behlise izindleko zabo zokusebenza.
• Ohulumeni ababuyekeza izinqubomgomo zamandla ukuze bafake amandla okugcina, okuholela ekuqondisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo aqinile kanye nokugqugquzela ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile.
• Ukusheshisa ukuqedwa kwezikhungo zokuphehla amandla amalahle negesi, kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa nokuba negalelo emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
• Amathuba okuguquguquka kwentengo yamandla njengoba izimakethe zijwayela ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwemithombo evuselelekayo, okuthinta ukuhwebelana kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ukwehluka kwentuthuko yasemadolobheni nezindawo zasemakhaya njengoba amaphrojekthi okugcinwa kwesilinganiso segridi akhetha izindawo ezinendawo eyengeziwe nezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ezidinga ukungenelela kwenqubomgomo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala ngokulinganayo kwamandla ahlanzekile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Impilo yakho yansuku zonke ingashintsha kanjani ngamandla avuselelekayo athengekayo futhi anokwethenjelwa?
• Ohulumeni basekhaya bangakusiza kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imiphakathi?