Izinqubomgomo ze-Overtourism: Amadolobha aminyene, izivakashi ezingamukelwa

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 25, 2023

Abantu bendawo sebekhathele yizigidi zezivakashi zomhlaba wonke ezithutheleka emadolobheni azo, amabhishi namadolobha. Ngenxa yalokho, ohulumeni bezifunda basebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezizokwenza izivakashi zicabange kabili ngokuvakasha. Lezi zinqubomgomo zingase zihlanganise izintela ezikhuphukile zemisebenzi yezivakashi, imithetho eqinile mayelana nezindawo zokuqasha, kanye nemikhawulo enanini lezivakashi ezivunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile.

Umongo wezinqubomgomo ze-Overtourism

I-Overtourism kwenzeka lapho izivakashi zanda kakhulu futhi zigcwele izindawo, okuholela ezinguqukweni zesikhathi eside ezindleleni zokuphila, ingqalasizinda, kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi abantu bendawo bebuka amasiko abo eguguleka futhi esikhundleni sawo kuthathwe izinto ezithengwayo njengezitolo zezikhumbuzo, amahhotela esimanje namabhasi okuvakasha, ukuvakasha ngokweqile kulimaza imvelo. Izakhamuzi nazo zihlushwa ukuminyana nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila. Kwezinye izimo, abahlali baze baphoqeleke ukuthi basuke ezindlini zabo ngenxa yentengo ephezulu yokuqasha kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zibe izindawo zokuhlala izivakashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezokuvakasha zivame ukuholela emisebenzini eholela kancane engazinzile futhi efika ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, eshiya abantu bendawo bedonsa kanzima ukuze baziphilise.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izindawo ezishisa izikhotha, njengalezo eziseBarcelona naseRome, zihlehla umkhankaso wohulumeni wazo wokufuna ezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke ngokwenza imibhikisho, bethi amadolobha azo asengasahlali muntu. Izibonelo zamadolobha ahlangabezane ne-overtourism zifaka i-Paris, i-Palma de Mallorca, i-Dubrovnik, i-Bali, i-Reykjavik, i-Berlin, ne-Kyoto. Ezinye iziqhingi ezithandwayo, njengeBoracay yasePhilippines kanye neMaya Bay yaseThailand, kwadingeka zivalwe izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze kutholakale izixhobo zamakhorali nezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ukuba zilulame emisebenzini yabantu eyeqisayo. 

Ohulumeni bezifunda sebeqalile ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezizonciphisa inani lezivakashi ezivakashela izindawo ezidumile. Enye indlela iwukukhuphula izintela emisebenzini yezivakashi njengokuhlala kwamahhotela, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, namaphakheji okuvakasha. Lelisu lihlose ukudikibalisa abahambi ngesabelomali kanye nokukhuthaza ezokuvakasha ezisimeme. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuvakasha kwezindawo zasemaphandleni kuwumkhuba osafufusa kwezokuvakasha okwedlulele, lapho umsebenzi usushintshela emadolobheni amancane asogwini noma amadolobhana asezintabeni. Imiphumela emibi ilimaza kakhulu lezi zakhamuzi ezincane njengoba izinsiza nengqalasizinda zingakwazi ukusekela izigidi zezivakashi. Njengoba lawa madolobhana anezinsiza ezimbalwa, awakwazi ukuqapha nokulawula ukuvakashelwa kumasayithi emvelo. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, ezinye izindawo ezishisayo manje zikhawulela inani lezivakashi zanyanga zonke. Isibonelo isiqhingi saseHawaii i-Maui, esahlongoza umthethosivivinywa ngoMeyi 2022 owawuzovala ukuvakasha kwezivakashi futhi uvimbele abantu abahlala emakamu yesikhashana. I-Overtourism eHawaii iholele emananini aphezulu ezakhiwo, okwenza abantu bendawo bangakwazi ukukhokhela ukuqasha noma izindlu zabo. 

Phakathi nobhubhane lwango-2020 lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokuthandwa okukhulayo komsebenzi oqhelile, amakhulu athuthela eziqhingini, okwenza iHawaii yaba izwe lase-US elibiza kakhulu ngo-2022. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Amsterdam yayinqume ukuhlehla ngokuvimbela ukuqashwa kwesikhashana kwe-Airbnb kanye nokuphambukisa uhambo ngomkhumbi. imikhumbi, ngaphandle kokukhuphula izintela zabavakashi. Amadolobha amaningana ase-Europe nawo asungule izinhlangano ezizonxenxa ukulwa nokuvakasha ngokweqile, njenge-Assembly of Neighborhoods for Sustainable Tourism (ABTS) kanye ne-Network of Southern European Cities Against Tourism (SET).

Imithelela yezinqubomgomo ze-overtourism

Imithelela ebanzi yezinqubomgomo ze-overtourism ingabandakanya:

• Amadolobha amaningi omhlaba akhokha izikweletu ezingakhawulela izivakashi zanyanga zonke noma zonyaka, okuhlanganisa ukukhuphula izintela zezivakashi nezintengo zendawo.
• Ukubhukha izinsiza zendawo, njenge-Airbnb, ezilawulwa kakhulu noma ezivinjelwe kwezinye izindawo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuminyana kanye nokuhlala ngokweqile.
• Iziza zemvelo ezengeziwe njengamabhishi namathempeli avalwa izivakashi izinyanga eziningi ngesikhathi ukuze kunqandwe ukulimala kwemvelo nesakhiwo.
• Ohulumeni bezifunda bakha ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi futhi baxhase amabhizinisi amancane ezindaweni zasemakhaya ukuze bakhuthaze izivakashi eziningi ukuthi ziwavakashele.
• Ohulumeni baxhasa ngezimali iminotho yasendaweni esimeme futhi ehlukahlukene ngokukhuthaza uhla olubanzi lwamabhizinisi nemisebenzi ukuze kwehliswe ukuncika kwesifunda kwezokuvakasha.
• Ohulumeni basekhaya namabhizinisi abeka phambili izintshisekelo zesikhathi eside zemiphakathi yabo ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zesikhashana ezivela kwezokuvakasha.
• Ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwabahlali kanye nokwandiswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. 
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinsizakalo ezithuthukisa ulwazi lwezokuvakasha ngaphandle kokwandisa isibalo sabavakashi. 
• Ukuncipha kwengcindezi yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingabizi kakhulu, zekhwalithi ephansi kubavakashi, ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukugxila ekunikezeni imisebenzi nezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisekela ukukhula komnotho okusimeme nokubandakanyayo.
• Izinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe kubahlali ngokunciphisa umsindo nokunukubezeka.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe idolobha lakho noma idolobhana lakho libhekene ne-overtourism? Uma kunjalo, ibe yini imiphumela?
• Ohulumeni bangazinqanda kanjani ezokuvakasha ngokweqile?