ELYTRA: Qhov xwm txheej yuav ua li cas rau peb lub neej yav tom ntej

Lub caij ntuj sov no kuv tau siv tag nrho lub Rau Hli mus ncig teb chaws Europe. Qhov kev paub dhau los yog qhov kev lom zem cua daj cua dub tiag tiag, hloov kuv txoj kev xav ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub nroog, los ntawm Dublin mus rau Oslo thiab Dresden mus rau Paris, kuv twb tsis tu ncua ntaus los ntawm cov keeb kwm kev xav ntawm txhua lub nroog yuav tsum tau muab - tab sis qhov kuv tsis tau xav txog yog yuav pom ib lub ntsej muag rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub nroog nyob.

Thaum mus xyuas Victoria thiab Albert Tsev khaws puav pheej (paub dav li V&A Tsev khaws puav pheej) ntawm hnub kub kub, kuv tsis kam nkag mus rau hauv lub pavilion qhib. Nyob ntawd, kuv xav tsis thoob thaum pom qhov khoom pov thawj hu ua ELYTRA, qhov sib txawv me ntsis rau cov keeb kwm thiab cov khoom pov thawj nyob hauv V&A. ELYTRA yog ib qho kev tsim kho engineering uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tuaj yeem tsim lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm peb cov chaw ua si thiab kev tsim vaj tsev.

ELYTRA yog dab tsi?

Tus qauv hu ua ELYTRA yog ib qho kev tuaj xyuas neeg hlau cov khoom pov thawj tsim los ntawm architects Achim Menges thiab Moritz Dobelmann hauv kev koom tes nrog tus qauv engineer Jan Knippers nrog rau Thomas Auer, tus kws ua haujlwm huab cua. Cov khoom pov thawj sib koom ua ke qhia pom qhov cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej ntawm cov qauv tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab, engineering, thiab architecture (Victoria & Albert).

Cov khoom pov thawj muaj xws li ib tug deactivated neeg hlau zaum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug complex woven qauv nws tau ua. Cov hexagonal daim ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog lub teeb yuag, tsis tau muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.

Biomimicry: Yam koj yuav tsum paub

Cov qauv hexagonal ntawm txhua daim ntawm ELYTRA tau tsim thiab ua tiav los ntawm Biomimetic Engineering, lossis Biomimicry. Biomimicry yog ib thaj chaw uas txhais los ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab kev hloov pauv tau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Keeb kwm ntawm biomimicry yog loj heev. Thaum ntxov li 1000 AD, Suav thaum ub tau sim tsim cov ntaub hluavtaws los ntawm kab laug sab silk. Leonardo da Vinci coj cues los ntawm cov noog thaum tsim nws famed flying tshuab blueprints.

Niaj hnub no, engineers txuas ntxiv mus saib qhov xwm txheej txhawm rau tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Geckos cov ntiv taw nplaum txhawb tus neeg hlau lub peev xwm nce ntaiv thiab phab ntsa. Shark tawv tsho txhawb nqa aerodynamic qis-drag swimsuits rau cov neeg ncaws pob.

Biomimicry yog tiag tiag interdisciplinary thiab fascinating cheeb tsam ntawm science thiab technology (Bhushan). Cov Lub koom haum Biomimicry tshawb nrhiav daim teb no thiab muab txoj hauv kev los koom nrog.

Kev tshoov siab ntawm ELYTRA

ELYTRA tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov nraub qaum tawv ntawm cov kab. Lub elytra ntawm beetles tiv thaiv cov tis me me thiab lub cev tsis zoo ntawm cov kab (Encyclopedia ntawm Lub Neej). Cov kev tiv thaiv nyuaj no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab rau engineers, physicists, thiab biologists ib yam nkaus.

Yuav ua li cas cov elytra yuav muaj zog txaus kom cia cov kab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv cov cuab yeej, thaum tib lub sij hawm yog lub teeb txaus los tswj lub davhlau? Cov lus teb nteg nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom no. Qhov hla ntawm qhov elytra nto qhia tau hais tias lub plhaub yog tsim los ntawm cov pob khoom me me uas txuas rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv, thaum qhib kab noj hniav txo qhov hnyav tag nrho.

Xib fwb Ce Guo los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Bio-Inspired Structures thiab Surface Engineering ntawm Nanjing University of Aeronautics thiab Astronautics luam tawm ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev txhim kho cov qauv raws li lub ntuj phenomena ntawm lub elytra. Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov qauv elytra thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo heev.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm biomimicry

Elytra muaj "zoo heev mechanical zog ... xws li siab siv thiab toughness". Qhov tseeb, qhov kev puas tsuaj no kuj yog qhov ua rau biomimetic tsim zoo li ELYTRA kom ruaj khov - ob qho tib si rau peb ib puag ncig thiab kev lag luam.

Tsuas yog ib phaus ntawm qhov hnyav tau txais kev cawmdim ntawm lub dav hlau pej xeem, piv txwv li, yuav txo qis CO2 emissions los ntawm kev txo cov roj noj. Tib phaus ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm ntawd yuav txo tus nqi ntawm lub dav hlau ntawd los ntawm $ 300. Thaum siv cov khoom siv biomaterial no hnyav rau qhov chaw nres tsheb, ib phaus txhais tau ntau dua $ 300,000 ntawm kev txuag nyiaj.

Kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nce siab heev thaum kev tsim kho tshiab xws li Guo's biomaterial tuaj yeem siv rau kev faib nyiaj ntau dua (Guo et.al). Qhov tseeb, lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm biomimicry yog nws txoj kev siv zog rau kev ruaj khov. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub teb muaj xws li "tsim [ing] los ntawm hauv qab-up, self-assembly, optimize es maximize, siv dawb zog, cross-pollinate, puag ntau haiv neeg, yoog raws thiab evolve, siv lub neej-phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem, koom nyob rau hauv symbiotic kev sib raug zoo, thiab txhim khu lub biosphere. "

Ua tib zoo saib seb qhov xwm txheej tau tsim nws cov ntaub ntawv li cas tuaj yeem tso cov thev naus laus zis los ua ke nrog peb lub ntiaj teb, thiab ua tib zoo saib seb peb lub ntiaj teb tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm "kev tsis zoo" thev naus laus zis (Crawford).

Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm ELYTRA, qhov khoom pov thawj qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm loj heev rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm qhov chaw ua si rau pej xeem, vim nws muaj peev xwm hloov mus. Cov qauv yog dab tsi hu ua "tej chaw nyob", nrog ntau lub sensors cuam tshuam rau hauv nws.

ELYTRA muaj ob hom sensors uas tso cai rau nws sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig nws. Thawj hom yog thermal imaging koob yees duab. Cov sensors tsis qhia npe ntes cov kev txav thiab kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg nyiam qhov ntxoov ntxoo.

Qhov thib ob hom sensor yog optical fibers khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj. Cov fibers no sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig cov qauv nrog rau kev saib xyuas cov huab cua hauv micro hauv qab ntawm qhov khoom pov thawj. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv maps ntawm cov khoom pov thawj no.

Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv no yog tias "cov ntaub pua tsev yuav loj hlob thiab hloov nws qhov kev teeb tsa thaum lub caij V&A Engineering raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg. Yuav ua li cas cov qhua inhibit lub pavilion yuav kawg qhia seb lub canopy loj hlob li cas thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom tshiab (Victoria & Albert).

Sawv ntsug hauv lub pavilion ntawm Victoria thiab Albert Tsev khaws puav pheej, nws pom tseeb tias tus qauv yuav nthuav dav ua raws li qhov nkhaus ntawm lub pas dej me me. Lub logic yooj yim ntawm kev tso cai rau cov neeg siv qhov chaw los txiav txim siab nws cov architecture yog stunningly tob.