ELYTRA: Momwe chilengedwe chidzasinthira tsogolo lathu

Chilimwechi ndinakhala mwezi wonse wa June ndikuyenda ku Ulaya. Chochitikacho chinalidi ulendo wa kamvuluvulu, kusintha maganizo anga pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mumzinda uliwonse, kuyambira ku Dublin mpaka ku Oslo ndi Dresden kupita ku Paris, ndidachita chidwi mosalekeza ndi zodabwitsa zakale zomwe mzinda uliwonse umayenera kupereka - koma chomwe sindimayembekezera chinali kuwona tsogolo la moyo wakutawuni.

Pamene ndinali kuchezera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Victoria ndi Albert (yodziŵika mofala monga V&A Museum) tsiku lotentha kwambiri, ndinaloŵa m’bwalo lopanda kanthu monyinyirika. Kumeneko, ndidadabwa kuwona chiwonetsero chotchedwa ELYTRA, chosiyana kwambiri ndi zochitika zakale komanso zamunthu mkati mwa V&A. ELYTRA ndi luso lauinjiniya lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino, lokhazikika ndipo lingasinthe tsogolo la malo athu osangalalira ndi zomangamanga.

Kodi ELYTRA ndi chiyani?

Kapangidwe kameneka kotchedwa ELYTRA ndi chiwonetsero cha maloboti ochezera opangidwa ndi omanga Achim Menges ndi Moritz Dobelmann mothandizana ndi mainjiniya omanga a Jan Knippers komanso a Thomas Auer, katswiri wa zanyengo. Chiwonetsero cha interdisciplinary chikuwonetsa zotsatira zamtsogolo za mapangidwe ouziridwa ndi chilengedwe paukadaulo, uinjiniya, ndi zomangamanga. (Victoria & Albert).

Chiwonetserocho chinali ndi loboti yozimitsa yomwe idakhala pansi pakatikati pa kamangidwe kamene kanamanga. Zigawo za hexagonal za chiwonetserochi ndizopepuka, komabe zamphamvu komanso zolimba.

Biomimicry: Zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Mapangidwe a hexagonal a chidutswa chilichonse cha ELYTRA adapangidwa ndikukonzedwa bwino kudzera mu Biomimetic Engineering, kapena Biomimicry. Biomimicry ndi gawo lomwe limatanthauzidwa ndi mapangidwe ouziridwa ndi biologically ndi kusintha kochokera ku chilengedwe.

Mbiri ya biomimicry ndi yayikulu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1000 AD, anthu a ku China akale adayesa kupanga nsalu zopangidwa ndi silika wa kangaude. Leonardo da Vinci adatengera mbalame popanga mapulani ake otchuka owuluka.

Masiku ano, mainjiniya akupitiliza kuyang'ana ku chilengedwe kuti apange ukadaulo watsopano. Zala zomata za Nalimata zimalimbikitsa loboti kukwera masitepe ndi makoma. Khungu la Shark limalimbikitsa maswimsuits otsika aerodynamic kwa othamanga.

Biomimicry ndiyowonadi magawo osiyanasiyana komanso osangalatsa a sayansi ndi ukadaulo (Bhushan). The Biomimicry Institute amafufuza gawo ili ndikupereka njira zodzitengera.

Kudzoza kwa ELYTRA

ELYTRA analimbikitsidwa ndi misana yolimba ya kafadala. The elytra of kafambs amateteza mapiko osalimba komanso thupi lowopsa la tizilombo (Encyclopedia ya Moyo). Zishango zolimba zimenezi zinadodometsa mainjiniya, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, ndiponso akatswiri a zamoyo.

Kodi ma elytra amenewa angalimbane bwanji kuti chikumbucho chizitha kuyendayenda pansi popanda kuwononga zida zake, pomwe nthawi imodzi n'chakuti chikhale chopepuka kuti chizitha kuuluka? Yankho lili m'mapangidwe a nkhaniyi. Gawo lalikulu la elytra pamwamba limasonyeza kuti zipolopolozo zimakhala ndi timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timagwirizanitsa malo akunja ndi amkati, pamene mikwingwirima yotseguka imachepetsa kulemera kwake.

Pulofesa Ce Guo wochokera ku Institute of Bio-Inspired Structures and Surface Engineering ku Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics adafalitsa pepala lofotokoza za kamangidwe kamene kamachokera ku zochitika zachilengedwe za elytra. Kufanana pakati pa zitsanzo za elytra ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe akufunsidwa ndizodabwitsa.

Ubwino wa biomimicry

Elytra ali ndi "zabwino zamakina ... monga kulimba kwambiri komanso kulimba"M'malo mwake, kukana kuwonongeka kumeneku ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a biomimetic ngati ELYTRA akhale okhazikika - m'malo athu komanso chuma chathu.

Paundi imodzi yokha yolemera yomwe yasungidwa mundege ya anthu, mwachitsanzo, ichepetsa mpweya wa CO2 pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Mulingo womwewo wa zinthu zomwe zachotsedwa zidzachepetsa mtengo wandege ndi $300. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito biomaterial yopulumutsa kulemera kwa malo okwerera mlengalenga, paundi imodzi imatanthawuza kupitilira $300,000 ya ndalama zomwe zasungidwa.

Sayansi ikhoza kupita patsogolo kwambiri pamene zatsopano monga Guo's biomaterial angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugawa bwino ndalama (Guo et.al). M'malo mwake, chizindikiro cha biomimicry ndi kuyesetsa kwake kuti ukhale wokhazikika. Zolinga za ntchitoyi ndi monga “kumanga[kuchokera] pansi kupita m’mwamba, kudziphatikiza, kukonza bwino m’malo mokulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zaulere, kupatuka mungu, kuvomereza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kusintha ndi kusinthika, kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi njira zopezera moyo, kuchitapo kanthu. kugwirizana kwa symbiotic, ndikukulitsa biosphere. ”

Kusamala za momwe chilengedwe chapangira zida zake kungapangitse luso laukadaulo kukhala limodzi mwachilengedwe ndi dziko lathu lapansi, ndikuwonetsa momwe dziko lathu lawonongeka chifukwa chaukadaulo "osakhala wachilengedwe".Crawford).

Kuphatikiza pakuchita bwino komanso kusasunthika kwa ELYTRA, chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakumanga komanso tsogolo la malo osangalalira anthu, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusinthika. Mapangidwewo ndi omwe amadziwika kuti "pogona pomvera", okhala ndi masensa ambiri olumikizidwa mkati mwake.

ELYTRA ili ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya masensa omwe amalola kuti isonkhanitse zambiri za dziko lozungulira. Mtundu woyamba ndi makamera oyerekeza otenthetsera. Masensa awa amazindikira mosadziwika kayendedwe ndi ntchito za anthu omwe akusangalala ndi mthunzi.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa sensa ndi ulusi wowoneka bwino womwe ukudutsa pachiwonetsero chonsecho. Ulusi umenewu umasonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chozungulira nyumbayo komanso kuyang'anira micro-climate pansi pa chiwonetserocho. Onani mamapu a data pachiwonetsero Pano.

Chowonadi chodabwitsa cha kapangidwe kake ndikuti "denga lidzakula ndikusintha masinthidwe ake pakadutsa V&A Engineering Season potengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Momwe alendo amalepheretsa pavilion pamapeto pake dziwitsani momwe denga limakulira komanso mawonekedwe a zigawo zatsopano (Victoria & Albert).

Titaimirira mkati mwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Victoria ndi Albert Museum, zinali zoonekeratu kuti nyumbayo idzakula motsatira mapindikidwe a dziwe laling'onolo. Lingaliro losavuta lololeza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito danga kuti adziwe kamangidwe kake linali lozama modabwitsa.