U-ELYTRA: Imvelo izolilolonga kanjani ikusasa lethu

Kuleli hlobo ngichithe uJuni wonke ngihambela iYurophu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakuwuhambo oluyisivunguvungu ngempela, kwashintsha umbono wami cishe kuzo zonke izici zesimo somuntu. Kuwo wonke amadolobha, kusukela eDublin kuya e-Oslo naseDresden kuya eParis, ngangilokhu ngihlatshwa umxhwele izimangaliso zomlando idolobha ngalinye okwakufanele linikeze—kodwa engangingakulindele kwakuwukubona amazwibela ekusasa lokuphila kwasemadolobheni.

Lapho ngivakashele iVictoria and Albert Museum (eyaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi i-V&A Museum) ngosuku olushisa bhe, ngangena ngokungananazi endaweni evulekile. Lapho, ngamangala ukubona umbukiso onesihloko esithi ELYTRA, umehluko omkhulu emibukisweni yomlando kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwe-V&A. I-ELYTRA iwuhlelo olusha lobunjiniyela olusebenza kahle, oluzinzile futhi olungase lulolonge ikusasa lezindawo zethu zokuzijabulisa zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo.

Iyini i-ELYTRA?

Isakhiwo esibizwa nge-ELYTRA siwumbukiso wamarobhothi ovakashile owakhiwe abadwebi bezakhiwo u-Achim Menges no-Moritz Dobelmann ngokubambisana nonjiniyela wesakhiwo u-Jan Knippers kanye no-Thomas Auer, unjiniyela wesimo sezulu. Umbukiso wemikhakha eyahlukene ubonisa umthelela wesikhathi esizayo wemiklamo ephefumulelwe imvelo kubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezakhiwo. (UVictoria & Albert).

Lo mbukiso wawuhlanganisa irobhothi elingasasebenzi elihlezi ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe elalakhile. Izingcezu ze-hexagonal zombukiso zilula, kodwa ziqinile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside.

I-Biomimicry: Odinga ukukwazi

Isakhiwo esiyi-hexagonal socezu ngalunye lwe-ELYTRA sathuthukiswa futhi sapheleliswa nge-Biomimetic Engineering, noma i-Biomimicry. I-Biomimicry inkambu echazwa yimiklamo ephefumulelwe ngokwebhayoloji kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisuselwe emvelweni.

Umlando we-biomimicry mkhulu. Kusukela ngo-1000 AD, amaShayina asendulo azama ukuthuthukisa indwangu yokwenziwa ephefumulelwe usilika wesicabucabu. ULeonardo da Vinci waqaphela izinyoni lapho eklama amapulani akhe omshini ondizayo odumile.

Namuhla, onjiniyela bayaqhubeka nokubheka imvelo ukuze bakhe ubuchwepheshe obusha. Izinzwane ezinamathelayo zikaGeckos zikhuthaza ikhono lerobhothi lokukhuphuka izitebhisi nezindonga. Isikhumba sikashaka sikhuthaza abasubathi izingubo zokubhukuda ze-aerodynamic ezidonsa kancane.

I-Biomimicry iyiqiniso imikhakha eyahlukene futhi ethokozisayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe (Bhushan). I I-Biomimicry Institute ihlola lo mkhakha futhi inikeza izindlela zokuzibandakanya.

Ugqozi lwe-ELYTRA

I-ELYTRA yakhuthazwa iqolo eliqinile lamabhungane. I-elytra yamabhungane ivikela amaphiko athambile kanye nomzimba osengozini yalesi sinambuzane (I-Encyclopedia Yokuphila). Lezi zivikelo eziqinile zabadida onjiniyela, izazi zefiziksi nezazi zezinto eziphilayo.

Lawa ma- elytra ayengaba kanjani namandla ngokwanele ukuba avumele ibhungane ukuba libhodloze inhlabathi ngaphandle kokulimaza amathuluzi awo, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo likhanya ngokwanele ukuze liqhubeke lindiza? Impendulo ilele ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sale nto. I-cross-section ye-elytra surface ibonisa ukuthi amagobolondo akhiwe ama-fiber bundles amancane axhuma indawo yangaphandle nengaphakathi, kuyilapho imigodi evulekile inciphisa isisindo sonke.

USolwazi Ce Guo ovela ku-Institute of Bio-Inspired Structures and Surface Engineering e-Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics ushicilele iphepha elinemininingwane yokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo esisekelwe ezintweni zemvelo ze-elytra. Ukufana phakathi kwesampula ye-elytra kanye nesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo esihlongozwayo kuyamangalisa.

Izinzuzo ze-biomimicry

U-Elytra uphethe"izinto ezinhle kakhulu zemishini...njengokuqina okuphezulu nokuqinaEqinisweni, lokhu kumelana nomonakalo yikho futhi okwenza imiklamo ye-biomimetic efana ne-ELYTRA isimeme - kokubili endaweni yethu kanye nomnotho.

Iphawundi elilodwa nje lesisindo elondolozwe endizeni yomphakathi, isibonelo, kuzonciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Leyo phawundi efanayo yezinto ezikhishiwe izokwehlisa izindleko kuleyo ndiza ngo-$300. Uma usebenzisa leyo biomaterial yokonga isisindo esiteshini sasemkhathini, iphawundi elilodwa lihumusha ukonga okungaphezu kuka-$300,000.

Isayensi ingathuthuka kakhulu lapho izinto ezintsha ezifana I-Guo's biomaterial ingasetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni izimali ngokuphumelelayo (Guo et.al). Eqinisweni, uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-biomimicry imizamo yayo yokusimama. Imigomo yalo mkhakha ihlanganisa “ukwakha kusukela phansi kuye phezulu, ukuzihlanganisa, ukwenza ngcono kunokukhulisa, ukusebenzisa amandla amahhala, ukunqamula impova, ukwamukela ukuhlukahluka, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokushintshashintsha, ukusebenzisa izinto nezinqubo ezifanele ukuphila, ukuzibandakanya ubudlelwano be-symbiotic, futhi sithuthukise i-biosphere. "

Ukunaka indlela imvelo eklame ngayo izinto zayo kungavumela ubuchwepheshe ukuba buphile ngokuhlanganyela ngokwemvelo nomhlaba wethu, futhi kudonsele ukunaka kokuthi umhlaba wethu wonakaliswe kangakanani ubuchwepheshe “obungezona ezemvelo” (Crawford).

Ngaphezu kokusebenza kahle nokusimama kwe-ELYTRA, umbukiso ukhombisa amandla amakhulu ezakhiwo kanye nekusasa lendawo yokuzijabulisa yomphakathi, ngenxa yekhono layo lokuvela. Isakhiwo yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yokukhosela esabelayo", enezinzwa eziningi ezixhumene kuyo.

I-ELYTRA iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zezinzwa eziyivumela ukuthi iqoqe idatha mayelana nomhlaba oyizungezile. Uhlobo lokuqala amakhamera wokuthwebula ashisayo. Lezi zinzwa zibona ngokungaziwa ukunyakaza nemisebenzi yabantu abajabulela umthunzi.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwenzwa amafiber optical agijima kuwo wonke umbukiso. Le micu iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemvelo ezungezile isakhiwo kanye nokuqapha isimo sezulu esincane esingaphansi kombukiso. Hlola amamephu wedatha wombukiso lapha.

Iqiniso elimangalisayo lalesi sakhiwo ukuthi “i-canopy izokhula futhi ishintshe ukucushwa kwayo phakathi ne-V&A Engineering Season ukuphendula idatha eqoqiwe. Ukuthi izivakashi zivimbela kanjani i-pavilion ekugcineni yazisa ukuthi i-canopy ikhula kanjani kanye nokuma kwezingxenye ezintsha (UVictoria no-Albert).

Ngimi ngaphakathi kwenkundla yeVictoria and Albert Museum, kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sizokhula silandele ijika lechibi elincane. Umqondo olula wokuvumela abantu abasebenzisa indawo ukunquma ukwakheka kwaso wawujule ngendlela emangalisayo.