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Synthetic biology thiab khoom noj khoom haus: Txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm lub tsev blocks

Cov kws tshawb fawb siv hluavtaws biology los tsim cov khoom noj zoo dua thiab ruaj khov.

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Hlis ntuj nqeg 20, 2022

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag siab

Synthetic biology, blending biology thiab engineering, tab tom tshwm sim los ua qhov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb kom ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj hauv ntiaj teb no vim kev loj hlob ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov teeb meem ib puag ncig. Daim teb no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov thiab khoom noj khoom haus xwb tab sis kuj yog lub hom phiaj los hloov cov kev ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj los ntawm kev qhia cov protein ua hauv lab thiab cov khoom noj. Nrog nws lub peev xwm los hloov kho kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom siv hluavtaws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua liaj ua teb zoo dua qub, cov kev xav tau tshiab, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom nyiam thiab noj zaub mov.

Synthetic biology thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntsiab lus

Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis cov khoom siv hauv lab-ua los txhim kho thiab nthuav cov khoom noj khoom haus. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub xwm phau ntawv journal, nws muaj feem ntau tias koj yuav tau noj lossis siv hluavtaws biology hauv qee txoj kev los ntawm 2030.

Raws li Successful Farming, lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem tau npaj kom loj hlob los ntawm 2 billion los ntawm 2050, ua rau lub ntiaj teb no xav tau zaub mov ntau lawm ze li ntawm 40 feem pua. Nrog ntau tus neeg noj zaub mov, yuav muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau cov protein. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txo qis hauv av, nce cov pa roj carbon emissions thiab dej hiav txwv, thiab kev yaig tiv thaiv kev tsim khoom noj los ntawm kev ua raws li kev xav tau. Qhov kev sib tw no tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis lab-ua biology, txhim kho thiab nthuav cov khoom noj khoom haus.

Synthetic biology muab cov kev tshawb fawb lom neeg thiab cov tswv yim engineering. Qhov kev qhuab qhia no rub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub neej, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes los ntawm kev xaim hluav taws xob thiab kev nkag siab txog kev tsim cov kab ke sib txawv li cas. Tsis tsuas yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog zaub mov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau pom tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los daws cov teeb meem tam sim no nrog kev nyab xeeb khoom noj thiab khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis qhov kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb tshiab no tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev coj ua tam sim no.

Synthetic biology yuav tso cai rau kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus siv cloned cell factories, ntau hom kab mob, lossis cell-free biosynthesis platforms. Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem txhim kho cov peev txheej hloov pauv tau zoo thiab tshem tawm cov kev ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau.

Kev cuam tshuam

Hauv xyoo 2019, cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm ib lub burger uas "los ntshav." Impossible Foods ntseeg hais tias cov ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau uas muaj heme, tsim cov nqaij ntau dua, thiab cov ntxhiab tsw zoo dua thaum cov kua leghemoglobin ntxiv rau cov nroj tsuag burger. Txhawm rau muab cov tshuaj no rau hauv lawv cov nqaij nyug patty hloov, Impossible Burger, lub tuam txhab siv DNA synthesis, cov tsev qiv ntawv caj ces, thiab cov lus qhia zoo rau autoinduction. Lub Impossible Burger xav tau 96 feem pua tsawg dua av thiab 89 feem pua tsawg lub tsev cog khoom roj los tsim. Lub burger no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab ntau yam khoom hauv ntau dua 30,000 lub tsev noj mov thiab 15,000 lub khw muag khoom noj thoob ntiaj teb.

Lub caij no, pib KnipBio engineers ntses pub los ntawm microbe pom ntawm nplooj. Lawv kho nws cov genome kom nce carotenoids tseem ceeb rau ntses noj qab haus huv thiab siv fermentation los txhawb nws txoj kev loj hlob. Tom qab ntawd cov microbes raug kub heev rau lub sijhawm luv luv, qhuav, thiab milled. Lwm cov haujlwm ua liaj ua teb suav nrog kev tsim cov kab mob uas tsim cov roj zaub ntau thiab cov ntoo txiv ntoo uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tsev siv dej tsawg dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum tsim tau ob zaug ntau li cov txiv ntoo.

Thiab nyob rau hauv 2022, US-based biotech tuam txhab Pivot Bio tau ua ib qho hluavtaws nitrogen chiv rau pob kws. Cov khoom no hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv nitrogen uas siv 1-2 feem pua ntawm lub zog thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kab mob uas kho nitrogen los ntawm huab cua tuaj yeem ua raws li cov chiv lom, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv tau nrog cov qoob loo (pob kws, nplej, nplej). Raws li kev daws teeb meem, Pivot Bio genetic hloov kho cov kab mob nitrogen-kho cov kab mob uas koom nrog cov hauv paus pob kws.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv hluavtaws biology rau kev tsim khoom noj

Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm kev siv hluavtaws biology rau kev tsim khoom noj muaj xws li:

Kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb hloov los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg mus rau lab-ua cov protein thiab cov as-ham.
Ntau tus neeg tau txais kev ncaj ncees thiab cov tub ua lag luam hu rau kev hloov pauv mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb ruaj khov thiab kev tsim khoom noj.
Tsoomfwv txhawb nqa cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kom muaj kev ruaj khov dua los ntawm kev muab nyiaj pab, khoom siv, thiab cov peev txheej.
Regulators tsim cov chaw soj ntsuam tshiab thiab ntiav cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev saib xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom noj hluavtaws.
Cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus ntau nqis peev hauv kev sim ua cov khoom siv chiv, nqaij, khoom noj siv mis, thiab qab zib.
Cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv tshawb pom cov khoom noj tshiab thiab tsim cov yam ntxwv uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib txwm ua liaj ua teb thiab nuv ntses.
Yav tom ntej tsim tau raug nthuav tawm rau cov khoom noj tshiab thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ua tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hluavtaws, ua rau muaj kev tawg ntawm cov zaub mov txawv tshiab, cov khw noj mov niche.