Mafupa osindikizidwa a 3D: Mafupa achitsulo omwe amaphatikizana m'thupi

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• June 28, 2023

Kuzindikira kwakukulu

Kusindikiza kwa 3D, kapena kupanga zowonjezera, kukupita patsogolo kwambiri pazachipatala, makamaka ndi zoyika mafupa. Kupambana koyambirira kumaphatikizapo kuyika kwa nsagwada ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ndi 3D ndi ma implants osindikizidwa a 3D kwa odwala osteonecrosis, mothandiza kupereka njira ina yodulira. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza tsogolo la mafupa osindikizidwa a 3D, omwe amatha kukonza zolakwika za majini, kupulumutsa miyendo ku zoopsa kapena matenda, ndikuthandizira kukula kwa minofu yatsopano, yachilengedwe mothandizidwa ndi mafupa a "hyperelastic" osindikizidwa a 3D.

3D-yosindikizidwa fupa implants nkhani

Kusindikiza kwamitundu itatu kumagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu kupanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosanjikiza. Mapulogalamu osindikizira amtunduwu nthawi zina amadziwika kuti opanga zowonjezera ndipo amaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga mapulasitiki, ma composites, kapena biomedical. 

Pali zigawo zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza za 3D za mafupa ndi scaffolds, monga:

• Zida zachitsulo (monga titaniyamu aloyi ndi magnesium alloy), 
• Zinthu zopanda chitsulo (monga galasi lachilengedwe), 
• Biological ceramic ndi biological simenti, ndi 
• Zida zamamolekyulu (monga polycaprolactone ndi polylactic acid).

Chimodzi mwazochita bwino kwambiri pakuyika mafupa osindikizidwa a 3D chinali mu 2012 pomwe kampani yopanga zamankhwala yaku Netherlands Xilloc Medical idasindikiza choyikapo cha titaniyamu kuti chilowe m'malo mwa wodwala khansa yapakamwa. Gululo linagwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta kusintha nsagwada za digito kuti mitsempha ya magazi, mitsempha, ndi minofu zigwirizane ndi titaniyamu implant yomwe yasindikizidwa.

Zosokoneza

Osteonecrosis, kapena imfa ya fupa, ya talus mu bondo, ingayambitse kupweteka kwa moyo ndi kuyenda kochepa. Nthawi zina, odwala angafunike kudulidwa. Komabe, kwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi osteonecrosis, implant yosindikizidwa ya 3D ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati m'malo mwa kudula. Mu 2020, Texas-based UT Southwestern Medical Center idagwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira cha 3D m'malo mwa mafupa a akakolo ndi mtundu wachitsulo. Kuti apange fupa losindikizidwa la 3D, madokotala amafunikira CT scan ya talus pa phazi labwino kuti afotokoze. Ndi zithunzizi, adagwira ntchito ndi gulu lina kuti apange ma implants atatu apulasitiki amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito poyesa. Madokotala amasankha yoyenera kwambiri asanasindikize implant yomaliza asanachite opaleshoni. Chitsulo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito chinali titaniyamu; ndipo pamene talus yakufayo idachotsedwa, yatsopano idayikidwa. Chifaniziro cha 3D chimalola kuyenda m'magulu a akakolo ndi apansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phazi lisunthike mmwamba ndi pansi komanso kuchokera mbali ndi mbali.

Madokotala ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza tsogolo la mafupa osindikizidwa a 3D. Tekinoloje iyi imatsegula chitseko chowongolera zolakwika za majini kapena kupulumutsa miyendo yomwe yawonongeka chifukwa cha kuvulala kapena matenda. Njira zofananazi zikuyesedwa ku ziwalo zina za thupi, kuphatikizapo odwala omwe amataya manja ndi ziwalo chifukwa cha khansa. Kuwonjezera pa kukwanitsa 3D kusindikiza mafupa olimba, ochita kafukufuku adapanganso fupa la "hyperelastic" losindikizidwa ndi 3D mu 2022. Kupanga mafupa opangidwa ndi fupa kumafanana ndi scaffold kapena lattice ndipo kumapangidwira kuthandizira kukula ndi kusinthika kwa mafupa atsopano, achilengedwe.

Zotsatira za 3D-yosindikizidwa mafupa implants

Zotsatira zazikulu za 3D-zosindikizidwa mafupa implants zingaphatikizepo: 

• Makampani a inshuwaransi omwe amapanga ndondomeko zowonetsera za 3D implants. Izi zitha kubweretsa kukonzanso kosiyanasiyana kutengera zida zosindikizidwa za 3D zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. 
• Ma implants akukhala otsika mtengo kwambiri pomwe ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D wachipatala ukukula ndikukhala wamalonda kwambiri. Kuchepetsa mtengo kumeneku kudzapititsa patsogolo chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa anthu osauka komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kumene njira zotsika mtengo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
• Ophunzira azachipatala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito osindikiza a 3D kuti apange ma prototypes a fupa poyesa ndikuchita opaleshoni.
• Makampani opanga zida zamankhwala ochulukirapo omwe amagulitsa makina osindikizira a biomedical 3D kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwamakampani azachipatala.
• Asayansi ambiri ogwirizana ndi makampani aukadaulo kuti apange makina osindikizira a 3D makamaka osintha ziwalo ndi mafupa.
• Odwala omwe ali ndi fupa kufa kapena zopunduka kulandira zipsera 3D kuti angathe kubwezeretsa kuyenda.

Mafunso oti muyankhepo

• Mukuganiza kuti ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ungathandize bwanji zachipatala?
• Ndi zovuta zotani zomwe zingakhalepo pokhala ndi zoyikapo zosindikizidwa za 3D?