Kulumikizana ndi makompyuta muubongo: Kuthandizira malingaliro amunthu kusinthika kudzera pamakina

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 19, 2021

Tangoganizani dziko lomwe malingaliro anu amatha kuwongolera makina - ndilo lonjezo laukadaulo waubongo-kompyuta (BCI). Tekinoloje iyi, yomwe imatanthauzira zizindikiro zaubongo kukhala malamulo, imatha kukhudza mafakitale, kuyambira zosangalatsa kupita kuchipatala komanso chitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, maboma ndi mabizinesi akuyenera kuyang'anira zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi zowongolera zomwe zimaperekedwa, kuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso mwachilungamo.

Mawonekedwe a ubongo-kompyuta

Mawonekedwe apakompyuta a ubongo (BCI) amatanthauzira ma siginecha amagetsi kuchokera ku ma neuron ndikumasulira kukhala malamulo omwe amatha kuwongolera chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wa 2023 wofalitsidwa mu Mipata mu Human Neuroscience idawonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa BCI yotseka, yomwe imatumiza ma siginecha muubongo monga malamulo olamulidwa ndikupereka mayankho ku ubongo kuti ugwire ntchito zinazake. Izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwake pakukweza moyo wa odwala omwe akudwala matenda a neurodegenerative kapena misala.

Akatswiri opanga makina ku Arizona State University agwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa BCI kuwongolera ma drones mwa kuwalangiza kudzera m'malingaliro. Izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwaukadaulo m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zosangalatsa mpaka chitetezo. Pakadali pano, gulu lofufuza ku Georgia Institute of Technology lakhala likuyesa zida za electroencephalography (EEG) zomwe zimakhala zomasuka, zolimba, komanso zothandiza kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito. Analumikiza chipangizo chawo ku sewero la kanema la zenizeni zenizeni kuti ayese ukadaulo, ndipo odzipereka adawongolera zochita poyerekezera pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo. Makinawa anali ndi mlingo wa 93 peresenti pakunyamula zizindikiro molondola.

Ukadaulo wa BCI wapezanso njira yazachipatala, makamaka pochiza matenda amisala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ali ndi khunyu, odwala amatha kusankha kuika maelekitirodi pamwamba pa ubongo wawo. Ma elekitirodi amenewa amatha kutanthauzira mphamvu yamagetsi ya muubongo ndikulosera kuyambika kwa khunyu zisanachitike. Izi zimathandiza odwala kumwa mankhwala munthawi yake, kuyimitsa zochitikazo komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Zosokoneza 

M’zachisangalalo, maseŵero a pavidiyo samangoyendetsedwa ndi zipangizo zogwirira m’manja koma ndi maganizo a osewerawo. Kukula kumeneku kungapangitse nyengo yatsopano yamasewera pomwe mzere pakati pa zenizeni ndi dziko lenileni umakhala wosokonekera, zomwe zikupereka chidziwitso chozama chomwe sichingafanane ndi miyezo yamasiku ano. Izi zitha kutseguliranso njira zatsopano zofotokozera nkhani komanso kupanga zinthu, pomwe opanga amatha kupanga zokumana nazo zomwe zimayankha malingaliro ndi momwe omvera akumvera.

M'gawo lazaumoyo, ukadaulo wa BCI ukhoza kusintha momwe timayendera matenda a neurodegenerative komanso kulumala. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto ngati la Huntington, kuthekera kolankhulana bwino kumatha kubwezeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida za BCI, kuwongolera moyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso, kuthandiza anthu kuwongolera miyendo yawo pambuyo pa sitiroko kapena ngozi.

Pamlingo wokulirapo, tanthauzo laukadaulo wa BCI pachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi lalikulu. Kutha kuwongolera ma drones ndi zida zina ndi malingaliro zitha kusintha momwe ntchito zankhondo zimachitikira. Mchitidwewu ukhoza kutsogolera njira zowonjezereka komanso zogwira mtima, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chikole komanso kukonza chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito. Komabe, izi zimadzutsanso mafunso ofunikira pamakhalidwe ndi malamulo. Maboma adzafunika kukhazikitsa malangizo omveka bwino kuti apewe kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu kumagwirizana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso miyezo yaufulu wa anthu.

Zotsatira za mawonekedwe a ubongo-makompyuta

Zotsatira zazikulu za ma BCI zingaphatikizepo: 

• Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la minyewa amatha kulankhulana ndi ena kudzera m'malingaliro awo.
• Odwala opunduka ndi quadriplegic, komanso odwala omwe akusowa ziwalo zopangira, kukhala ndi zosankha zatsopano zowonjezera kuyenda ndi kudziimira. 
• Asitikali omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa BCI kuti agwirizanitse njira zabwino pakati pa ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kuwongolera magalimoto awo omenyera nkhondo ndi zida zakutali. 
• Zokumana nazo zophunzirira mwamakonda, kukulitsa luso la kuzindikira kwa ophunzira komanso kusintha momwe timayendera maphunziro.
• Mafakitale atsopano ndi mwayi wantchito pazaumoyo, zosangalatsa, ndi chitetezo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ukadaulo wa BCI pazankhondo zomwe zikukulitsa ziwopsezo zachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimafunikira malamulo okhwima a mayiko ndi mgwirizano wandale kuti apewe mikangano yomwe ingachitike.
• Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito BCI kuzunza ogula mosalekeza ndi ma aligorivimu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphwanya kwachinsinsi.
• Zigawenga zapaintaneti zimalowerera m'malingaliro a anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo mwachinyengo, kugulitsa ndalama mosaloledwa, ndi kuba zinsinsi.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ukadaulo wa BCI ulandiridwa bwanji ndi anthu wamba? 
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti padzakhala kusintha kwachisinthiko mumtundu wa anthu ngati kuyika kwaukadaulo wa BCI kukhala kofala?