5G geopolitics: Pamene matelefoni amakhala chida

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 8, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ukadaulo wa 5G ukukonzanso kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse ndi chuma, ndikulonjeza kugawana mwachangu deta ndikuthandizira mapulogalamu apamwamba monga intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) ndi zenizeni zowonjezera (XR). Kukula kwachangu kumeneku kwadzetsa chipwirikiti, makamaka pakati pa US ndi China, ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha dziko komanso ulamuliro waukadaulo womwe ukukhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa 5G ndi kupanga mfundo padziko lonse lapansi. Maiko omwe akutukuka kumene akukumana ndi zisankho zovuta, kulinganiza njira zotsika mtengo ndi mgwirizano wamayiko.

5G geopolitics nkhani

Maukonde a 5G atha kupereka ma bandwidth apamwamba komanso latency yotsika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kulola mapulogalamu ndi mauthenga kuti agwirizane ndikugawana deta pafupi ndi nthawi yeniyeni. Kuphatikizika kwa maukonde a 5G kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito zapaintaneti pa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), makompyuta am'mphepete, komanso zenizeni zowonjezera. Ponseponse, maukonde a 5G awa adzakhala omwe amathandizira pa Fourth Industrial Revolution-kusintha kwachuma kwa mayiko. 

Pakutumiza koyamba kwa 5G mu 2019, US idakhazikitsa kuyesetsa padziko lonse lapansi kuletsa makampani aku China, makamaka Huawei, kuti asapereke zomangamanga. Ngakhale Huawei anali ndi luso laukadaulo komanso kukhazikika, US idanena kuti ukadaulo waku China ukhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachitetezo cha dziko kwa omwe amadalira. US idati netiweki ya 5G itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chaukazitape waku China ndikuwononga zida zaku Western. Zotsatira zake, ogulitsa 5G ndi aku China adawonedwa ngati pachiwopsezo chachitetezo.

Mu 2019, US idaletsa Huawei pamsika wawo wakunyumba ndipo idapereka chitsimikiziro kumayiko omwe akukonzekera kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa 5G mumanetiweki awo. Mu 2021, US idawonjezera ZTE pamndandanda wamakampani oletsedwa aku China. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Huawei ndi ZTE anayesa kuyambiranso kulowa muulamuliro wa Biden, koma US idatsimikiza mtima kupikisana ndi China m'gawoli. Mayiko angapo aku Europe adaletsanso zida za Huawei, motsogozedwa ndi Germany yomwe idayamba kufufuza kampaniyo mu Marichi 2023.

Zosokoneza

A 2018 Eurasia Group whitepaper pa 5G geopolitics akuti kugawanika pakati pa zachilengedwe zaku China ndi America za 5G kumabweretsa vuto kwa omwe akutukuka kumene omwe amakakamizika kusankha pakati pa njira yotsika mtengo ndikuthandizira kwawo US. Izi zitha kukhala chisankho chovuta kumayiko omwe amadalira ndalama zaku China kudzera mu Belt and Road Initiative kapena ntchito zina zomanga. 

Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbana kwachikoka chakunja pakusintha maukonde a 5G ndi 6G m'madera omwe akutukuka kumene, makamaka Africa ndi Latin America, kukukulirakulira. Kwa mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene, monga Philippines, Huawei ndiye njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yoperekera ntchito za 5G. Makamaka, maukonde a 5G amasinthidwa mwamakonda; Choncho, kusintha operekera pakati pa kukhazikitsidwa kapena kukulitsa kumakhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo chifukwa dongosololi liyenera kusinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, sizingakhale zotheka ngati mayiko akufuna kusinthana ndi othandizira. 

Ngakhale Huawei sanagwidwe mukazitape mwachisawawa kwa nzika zachinsinsi kudzera pa netiweki yake, kuthekera kukadali koyenera komanso kuda nkhawa kwambiri ku Philippines. Ena mwa otsutsa a Huawei amalozera ku malamulo aku China, omwe akuwonetsa kuti Beijing atha kupempha ndikupeza mwayi wodziwa zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito payekha komanso zidziwitso zina zachinsinsi kuchokera kwa oyang'anira makampani. 

Zotsatira za 5G geopolitics

Zotsatira zazikulu za 5G geopolitics zingaphatikizepo: 

• Mayiko ena otukuka akugwirizana ndi US pogwiritsa ntchito makina a "5G Clean Path" omwe samalumikizana ndi ma network kapena ukadaulo wopangidwa ku China.
• Mpikisano waukulu pakati pa US ndi China pakupanga ndi kutumiza ma network a 6G otsatirawa, omwe amatha kuthandizira bwino nsanja zenizeni komanso zowonjezera.
• Kuchulukana kwamphamvu kochokera ku US ndi China, kuphatikiza zilango ndi kunyanyala, kumayiko omwe amathandizira matekinoloje a 5G omwe amapikisana nawo.
• Kuchulukitsa kwandalama mu network cybersecurity yomwe ingalepheretse kuyang'anira ndi kusokoneza deta. 
• Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene agwidwa ku US ndi China, zomwe zidayambitsa mikangano yandale padziko lonse lapansi.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera odzipatulira aukadaulo a 5G m'malo abwino, kulimbikitsa malo opangira zida zamakono komanso kukopa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo luso la 5G ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zapadera m'mayiko otukuka komanso omwe akutukuka kumene.
• Maboma akuwunikanso ndondomeko zoyendetsera ndalama zakunja, pofuna kuteteza chitukuko chawo cha 5G ndi maunyolo operekera kuzinthu zakunja.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mikangano imeneyi ingapitirire bwanji pamene teknoloji ikukula?
• Kodi mavuto enanso otani chifukwa cha nkhondo yosautsa yaukadaulo imeneyi?