Drones ndi tsogolo lachitetezo

Nkhondo za drone zayamba ndipo mizere yankhondo ikujambulidwa. Zazinsinsi zimayima mbali imodzi ndi zotheka mbali inayo. Sizikuwoneka ngati ndewu yachilungamo. Kuthekera kuli kosalekeza, popeza tikuphunzira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo chinsinsi chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite ndikufikira kusagwirizana.

Drones akulowa mwachangu mu gawo lazamalonda, kuchokera pothandiza eni malo kugulitsa nyumba ku kupereka pizza. Amazon idayambitsa vuto mphindi 60 ndi chiwonetsero chawo cha Amazon Prime Air, njira yobweretsera kumatauni yomwe imatha kugwetsera phukusi pakhomo panu patatha theka la ola. Drone ya Octocopter ili kutali ndi zenizeni zakutawuni, koma Jeff Bezos, woyambitsa komanso wamkulu wa Amazon, amakhulupirira kuti ndi nkhani yanthawi.

Mwezi watha, US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) adalengeza malo oyesera asanu ndi limodzi kugwiritsa ntchito ma drone pamalonda. M'miyezi ingapo ikubwerayi bungwe la FAA likuyembekeza kulemba malamulo ndi malamulo ofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino ma drones ndikuteteza zinsinsi za anthu. Panthawiyi, alipo ena amati omwe aletsa kale kugwiritsa ntchito ndege zachinsinsi komanso zotsata malamulo.

Koma ma drones akukwera padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo akukulirakulira. Tikufika pomvetsetsa kuti ma drones si zida zowonongera, monga momwe asitikali amawonetsera, koma zida chabe. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizochepa chabe ndi malingaliro aumunthu.

Mwachitsanzo, kodi munamvapo za ma drones omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi umbanda ku nyama zakuthengo ku Nepal? Kapena konzani zopulumutsa orangutan ku Indonesia? Kapena gwiritsani ntchito makamera oyerekeza otenthetsera kuti muzindikire opha nyama ku Kenya?

Monga gawo lazamalonda, oteteza zachilengedwe akupeza zotheka ndi ma drones ndipo akuzigwiritsa ntchito kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kuteteza nyama zakuthengo.

Drones ndi Kuteteza

Drones ndi kasamalidwe ndi machesi atsopano. Mpaka posachedwa, ma drones anali okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti mabungwe omwe siaboma ndi ofufuza angakwanitse. Komanso, wina ankafunika kudumphadumpha kuti asonyeze ena njira.

Drones Conservation idayambitsidwa ndi mapulofesa Lian Pin Koh ndi Serge Wich. Zokonda zawo zofufuza pakusunga ndi nyama zoyamwitsa zidawabweretsa pamodzi mu 2011. Malingaliro awo ndi chidwi cha anyamata ndizomwe zidatsogolera ku Conservation Drones.

Koh ndi Wich adazindikira kuti ma drones amalonda sanali njira yopangira bajeti yowerengera. Drones amafunika kukhala otsika mtengo, ndi mtundu wa zipangizo zomwe zinapindulitsa ofufuza, monga makamera otanthauzira apamwamba.

Pambuyo paulendo wopambana wa demo ku North Sumatra, Indonesia, Koh ndi Wich adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi yankho la ofufuza anzawo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Conservation Drones yawuluka padziko lonse lapansi. Palinso mabungwe ena monga Research Drones, ndi anthu omwe akupita patsogolo kuti agwiritse ntchito ma drones kuti atetezedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

In Nepal, asilikali a WWF ndi asilikali a ku Nepal akugwiritsa ntchito ndege zouluka pofuna kuteteza chipembere chachikulu chokhala ndi nyanga imodzi kwa opha nyama popanda chilolezo. Mu Belize, dipatimenti ya zausodzi ndi Wildlife Conservation Society akuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito ndege zopanda ndege poyang'anira ntchito za usodzi wosaloledwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu Kenya, ma drones - ndi chilli powder - akugwiritsidwa ntchito poopseza njovu m'madera omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osaka nyama.

Ku Indonesia, Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (SOCP) ikugwiritsa ntchito ma drones m'njira zomwe zingapangitse kuti ntchito ya CIA ikhale yomveka.

Nkhalango zamvula za ku Sumatra ndi zachilengedwe zolemera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, kuphatikizapo akambuku, zipembere, njovu ndi anyani. Mbali zina za nkhalangoyi zimakutidwa ndi dambo la peat, lomwe ndi malo osungiramo mpweya wambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, ma peatlands amasunga momwemo 500 biliyoni metric tons wa carbon, kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mitengo padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe amangotenga atatu peresenti ya dziko lapansi.

Koma nkhalango yamvula ndi nyama zakuthengo zili pachiwopsezo cha kudula mitengo (kololedwa ndi kosaloledwa), kupha nyama ndi kuotcha nkhalango. Minda yamafuta a kanjedza ndi njira yayikulu yopezera ndalama ku Sumatran. Mitengo ya kanjedza ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kukula m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo mafuta a kanjedza amapezeka paliponse m'zinthu zonse zapakhomo, kuyambira sopo mpaka maswiti. Kuti pakhale malo odzala minda yambiri, nkhalango zachilengedwe ndi anthu okhalamo zimaperekedwa nsembe. Boma, eni mafamu ndi osamalira zachilengedwe akhala kumenyana wina ndi mzake pa ufulu ndi udindo wa chilengedwe kwa zaka.

Kunali ku North Sumatra komwe Koh ndi Wich adayesa koyamba drone yawo. Ndipo ndi pano pamene ife tikupeza Graham Usher, Katswiri Woteteza Malo ndi SOCP, komanso katswiri wa drone. Usher akugwiritsa ntchito ma drones kupulumutsa anyani, kuthana ndi umbanda komanso kusunga dambo lolemera kwambiri la carbon.

Kulimbana ndi Upandu ndi Kupulumutsa Orangutan

Graham amawuluka m'nkhalango kuti aone misasa yosaka nyama popanda chilolezo, zomwe ndizofala ku North Sumatra. "Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kuwona nsabwe za m'misasa yodula mitengo/osaka, zomwe zimalola kuloza zovuta kuti zitheke," akutero Usher. “Minsalu yabuluu yakutali m’nkhalango ingakhale zinthu zinayi zokha: kudula mitengo mosaloledwa, alenje osaloledwa, ofufuza/magulu ofufuza, kapena mwina ochita migodi osaloledwa. Nthawi zambiri timadziwa ngati pali ofufuza kapena magulu ofufuza. ”

Zochita zosaloledwa zomwe zawonedwa ndi ma drones zanenedwa kwa akuluakulu aku Indonesia. Mwanjira iyi, ma drones amathandizira kuteteza m'njira zingapo. Akuluakulu a m’derali alibe zinthu zoti aziyang’anira nkhalango monga mmene Graham ndi gulu lake amachitira.

Kuwunika kwa drone kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti apeze madera ogawikana a nkhalango momwe nyama, monga anyani, zimatha kutsekeredwa ndipo zikufunika kupulumutsidwa. Orangutan nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo chitetezo chamitengo yamitengo, osatsika pansi pa nkhalango. Malo akuluakulu odulidwa odula mitengo ndi minda amatha kuwasiya atatsekeredwa m'dera lopanda chakudya komanso anzawo.

Mayendedwe apansi okhala ndi makamera okwera kwambiri amatheketsa kuzindikira mitengo ndi zisa za orangutan zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi madera ena a nkhalango.

Zimathandizanso kusunga manambala a orangutan ndi zoyesayesa zowateteza. Mwachizoloŵezi, kusunga kabuku kotereku kungafunike kutumiza gulu lofufuza wapansi kuti liwerenge zisa za orangutan. Njira imeneyi ndi ntchito kwambiri, nthawi yambiri ndi zoopsa, makamaka m’madera a madambo.

Popanda ma drones, Graham ndi gulu lake amayenera kudalira zithunzi za satellite. Ngakhale izi ndi zaulere, zithunzi sizidziwika bwino ndipo sizikhala ndi lingaliro lofunikira pamtundu wa ntchito yomwe SOCP ikuchita. Palinso kuchedwa kuyambira pamene zithunzizo zimatengedwa, kukonzedwa, ndi kupezeka kwa anthu. Drones amapereka pafupifupi nthawi yeniyeni kuyang'anitsitsa, komwe kumakhala kofunikira kuti agwire odula mitengo ndi opha nyama popanda chilolezo. Zimapangitsanso kuti zitheke kukonza ntchito zopulumutsa anyani omwe asiyanitsidwa ndi moto kapena kudula mitengo. Kudikirira kuti zithunzi za satellite zibwere kungatanthauze moyo kapena imfa kwa anyani.

Tsogolo la Drones ndi Kusamalira

“Pamene luso laumisiri likupita patsogolo, makamaka m’makina ojambulira zithunzi, n’zotheka kuti titha kuwulutsa nkhalango usiku ndi makamera ojambulira matenthedwe ndi kuwerengera nyama imodzi m’zisa zawo,” akutero Usher. "Kutheka kwina ndikugwiritsira ntchito ma drones omwe ali ndi zolandila wailesi kuti apeze ma sign a nyama zomwe zili ndi mawayilesi. Apanso izi zingakhale zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kuchita kafukufuku wapansi. Kwa mitundu ikuluikulu yamitundumitundu, monga njovu ndi akambuku, ingakhale yotchipa kwambiri kusiyana ndi GPS yamtundu wa radiotracking, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo kuigwiritsa ntchito.”

Ukadaulo watsopano umalandiridwa nthawi zonse pazifukwa zingapo zazikulu: zimapangitsa zinthu kukhala zosavuta, zotsika mtengo, zofulumira kapena kuphatikiza kulikonse kwazinthu zitatuzi. Izi ndi zomwe ma drones akuchitira SOCP, ndi ena oteteza zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.

Marc Goss amagwira ntchito ku Mara Elephant Project ku Kenya. Anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida za drone kuti apeze anthu opha nyama popanda chilolezo omwe ankasaka minyanga ya njovu yamtengo wapatali. Anazindikira, komabe, kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kuopseza njovu kutali kuchokera kwa opha nyama. "Ndikuganiza kuti akuganiza kuti ndi gulu la njuchi," akutero Goss.

Goss amagwiritsa ntchito makolala a Google Earth ndi GPS kuti azitha kuyang'anira malo a njovu ndikuwona ngati zikusochera pafupi ndi madera omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osaka nyama. M'tsogolomu, akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones omwe ali ndi makina owombera a paintball odzaza ndi capsaicin, mankhwala owopsa omwe amapezeka mu tsabola wa chilli, kuti aletse njovu.

“Drones kwenikweni ndi tsogolo lachitetezo; drone imatha kuchita zomwe oyendetsa 50 angachite,” akutero James Hardy, manejala wa Mara North Conservancy. “Zifika poti ma drones ali patsogolo pakupha nyama. Usiku tinkakhoza kuchigwiritsa ntchito kunyamula zizindikiro za anthu opha nyama popanda chilolezo, mwina njovu yakufa ngati titafulumira.”

Usher akuvomereza za tsogolo la drones, ndipo ali wokondwa ndi chiyembekezo chopanga teknoloji ya drone. zabwino kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo kuposa zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo matekinoloje amapita patsogolo. Mwina chithumwa chachikulu chomwe chikubwera ndi luso la kujambula ndi kusonkhanitsa deta, monga makina ojambulira zithunzi ndi kufufuza ma radiotelemetry nyama zakuthengo. ”