Kuyika mutu woyamba: kukhazikitsidwa mochedwa 2017

Zolemba

Kalekale pamene munali kusukulu yasekondale, m'kalasi ya biology yomwe mudadabwitsidwa nayo ndikukukhumudwitsani, mutha kukumbukira za kuphunzira za kuyesa kwa sayansi komwe kunachitika komwe kunachitika. Mwa zodabwitsa, zosokoneza kwambiri, zodabwitsa, kuyesa kwa Vladimir Demikhov ndi kuyika mutu wa agalu ndithudi kuli pamwamba pa mndandanda. Kuchitikira ku Soviet Union m'ma 1950, nkhani ya Demikhov posakhalitsa inafa chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi. Koma kufufuza kwake kunathandiza kwambiri kuti atsegule zitseko za sayansi ya kuika ziwalo. Pambuyo poika mtima wa munthu bwino lomwe, asayansi anali okonzeka kubwereranso ku lingaliro la kuika mutu, ndipo anatero. Mpaka pano, kuika mutu kwachitika ndi anyani ndi agalu, popanda kupambana. Koma ngakhale kuti zatsopanozi zingawonekere zochititsa chidwi, asayansi ambiri amatsutsa lingaliroli, akumatsutsa kuti njirazo ndi zowopsa kwambiri, ndipo, nthawi zina, ndizosavomerezeka kwenikweni. Chabwino, ndithudi. Lingaliro lonse likuwoneka lopanda pake, sichoncho? Chabwino, mudzakhala okondwa kudziwa chandamale chotsatira pakuyika mutu: anthu.

Inde, ndiko kulondola. Chaka chatha, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya ubongo wa ku Italy Dr. Sergio Canavero adalengeza poyera zolinga zake zopangira mutu woyamba wa munthu mu December 2017. Nthawi yomweyo adayambitsa chidwi chachikulu m'magulu a sayansi, ndipo kulandiridwa kunali koyenera komanso koipa. Komabe, ambiri adawona kuti ndondomekoyi ndi yonyenga mpaka phunziro loyesedwa, mwamuna wina wa ku Russia dzina lake Valery Spiridonov, adatsimikizira mapulani a Canavero podziwonetsera yekha ngati wodzipereka. Tsopano, Canavero akupita patsogolo, posachedwapa adalembanso dokotala wa opaleshoni wa ku China Dr. Xioping Ren ku gulu lake, ndipo gulu la sayansi likugwira ntchito, alibe china choti achite koma kuyembekezera ndikuwona zotsatira zake.

Lowani valery

Pamene dziko linapeza koyamba kuti munthu wamoyo, wopuma, wogwira ntchito mokwanira anadzipereka kuti ayese khalidwe loipali, zinali zachibadwa kwa anthu ambiri kudabwa. Ndi munthu wanzeru uti pa Dziko Lapansi lalikululi, lobiriŵirali amene angadzipereke kaamba ka chikhumbo cha imfa? Koma atolankhani ochokera Atlantic inafotokoza mbiri ya Valery ndi mmene anafikira kupanga chosankha chodabwitsa chimenechi.

Valery Spiridonov ndi wolemba mapulogalamu waku Russia wazaka makumi atatu yemwe akudwala matenda a Werdnig-Hoffmann. Matendawa, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri a msana, ndi vuto la majini, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli. Mwachidule, matendawa amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minofu ndikupha maselo ofunikira mu ubongo ndi msana zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda. Chotero, ali ndi ufulu wochepa woyenda, akudalira chikuku (popeza kuti miyendo yake ili yopunduka mowopsa) ndipo sangachite zambiri kuposa kudzidyetsa, kutayipa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ndi kulamulira chikuku chake mwa kugwiritsira ntchito chokokeracho. Chifukwa cha kuipa kwa moyo wa Valery pano, Atlantic akutero kuti Valery anali ndi chiyembekezo chilichonse pankhaniyi, nati, "Kuchotsa ziwalo zonse zodwala koma mutu ungachite bwino kwambiri kwa ine ...

Ndondomekoyi

"Cadaver yatsopano imatha kukhala ngati projekiti ya mutu wamoyo bola ngati mwayi ukulemekezedwa (maola ochepa)." Mawu odalirika ochokera kwa Canavero wodalirika; iye ndi gulu lake apanga kale chojambula chowoneka ngati chopusa cha momwe kumuikako kumayendera, ndipo afotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'mapepala angapo ofalitsidwa ndi Surgical Neurology International magazine.

Atalandira chilolezo kuchokera ku banja la Spiridonov (komanso banja la odzipereka ena, omwe sanatchulidwebe) kuti apite ndi opaleshoniyo, thupi la Valery likanayamba kukonzedwa. Thupi lake likhoza kuzizira mpaka madigiri 50 Fahrenheit kuti aletse kufa kwa minofu yaubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhani yonseyi ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Kenaka, zingwe za msana za odwala onsewo zikadulidwa nthawi imodzi, ndipo mitu yawo ikanadulidwa kotheratu ku matupi awo. Mutu wa Spiridonov ukanatengedwa kudzera pa crane yopangidwa mwachizolowezi kupita pakhosi la woperekayo, ndiyeno msanawo udakonzedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito PEG, polyethylene glycol, mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala ndi kukula kwa cell ya msana.

Pambuyo pofananiza minyewa ya thupi la woperekayo ndi magazi ndi mutu wa Spiridonov, Valery adatha kukomoka kuchokera kwinakwake pakati pa milungu itatu kapena inayi kuti apewe zovuta zilizonse zapamtunda pomwe amachira. Kenako? Madokotala amangodikira ndikuwona.

Ngakhale kuti ndi zolondola kwambiri pamakonzedwe, kuyika konseko kungafune ndalama zambiri ndi nthawi; zawerengedwa kuti pafupifupi madokotala makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi makumi a mamiliyoni a madola adzafunika kuti kupatsirana uku "kugwire ntchito", ngati kuvomerezedwa. Komabe, Canavero adakali ndi chidaliro, ponena kuti njirayi imadzitamandira ndi 90 peresenti kuphatikiza kupambana.

Kulandila

Modabwitsa monga momwe zoyesera zimawonekera m'malingaliro, gulu la asayansi silinachirikize kwenikweni lingalirolo.

Koma kuwonjezera apo, ngakhale anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi Valery amavomereza lingalirolo 100 peresenti. Valery adawulula kuti chibwenzi chake chimatsutsana kwambiri ndi ntchito yonseyi.

“Iye amandithandiza pa chilichonse chimene ndimachita, koma saona kuti ndiyenera kusintha, amandivomereza mmene ndilili. Saganiza kuti ndikufunika opaleshoni.” Akutero, koma kenako akufotokoza chifukwa chake chachikulu chofunira kuti ndondomeko yonseyo ichitike. "Cholinga changa pandekha ndicho kuwongolera moyo wanga ndikufika pamlingo woti ndizitha kudzisamalira ndekha, komwe ndidzakhala wodziyimira pawokha kwa anthu ena…Ndikufuna anthu oti andithandize tsiku lililonse, ngakhale kawiri pa tsiku. chifukwa ndimafuna wina woti andichotse pa bedi langa ndi kundiika panjinga yanga ya olumala, chotero kumapangitsa moyo wanga kukhala wodalirika kwambiri pa anthu ena ndipo ngati pangakhale njira yosinthira ichi ndikukhulupirira kuti iyenera kuyesedwa.”

Koma akatswiri ambiri a sayansi amatsutsa zimenezi. Dr. Jerry Silver, katswiri wa minyewa wa pa Case Western Reserve anati: “Kungoyesa kuyesako n’kulakwa. Ndipo ena ambiri amagawana nawo malingaliro awa, ambiri akunena za kuyesa kokonzekera monga "The Next Frankenstein".

Ndiyeno pali zotsatira zalamulo. Ngati kumuikako kumagwira ntchito mwanjira ina, ndipo Valery amaberekanso ndi thupilo, bambo womubereka ndi ndani: Valery, kapena wopereka woyamba? Ndi zambiri zomeza, koma Valery akuyembekezera zam'tsogolo ndikumwetulira.