I-3D-printed bone bone implants: Amathambo ensimbi ahlangana emzimbeni

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 28, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Ukuphrinta kwe-3D, noma ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, kwenza intuthuko enkulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngokufakwa kwamathambo. Impumelelo yangaphambi kwesikhathi ihlanganisa ukufakelwa kwethambo lomhlathi le-titanium eliphrintiwe nge-3D kanye nezigxivizo eziphrintiwe ze-3D zeziguli ze-osteonecrosis, okunikeza ngempumelelo enye indlela yokunqunywa. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha banethemba ngekusasa lamathambo aphrintiwe e-3D, angalungisa ukonakala kwezakhi zofuzo, asindise izitho zomzimba ekuhlukumezekeni noma ezifweni, futhi asekele ukukhula kwezicubu zamathambo emvelo amasha ngosizo lwamathambo "hyperelastic" aphrintiwe nge-3D.

Ingqikithi ye-3D-printed bone bone implants

Ukuphrinta kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kusebenzisa isofthiwe ukudala izinto ngendlela yokubeka izingqimba. Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe yokunyathelisa ngezinye izikhathi lwaziwa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza okungeziwe futhi luhlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, njengamapulasitiki, ama-composites, noma i-biomedical. 

Kunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D kwamathambo nama-scaffolds amathambo, njenge:

• Izinto zensimbi (njenge-titanium alloy ne-magnesium alloy), 
• Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi (njengengilazi yezinto eziphilayo), 
• I-Biological Ceramic kanye ne-biological Cement, kanye 
• Izinto eziphezulu zamangqamuzana (njenge-polycaprolactone ne-polylactic acid).

Enye yempumelelo yokuqala ekufakweni kwamathambo okuphrintiwe nge-3D kwaba ngo-2012 lapho inkampani yezokwelapha ezinze eNetherlands i-Xilloc Medical iphrinta ukufakelwa kwe-titanium esikhundleni semihlathi yesiguli somdlavuza womlomo. Ithimba lisebenzise ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze lishintshe umhlathi wedijithali ukuze imithambo yegazi, imizwa, nemisipha inamathisele ekufakweni kwe-titanium uma isiphrintiwe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-Osteonecrosis, noma ukufa kwethambo, kwe-talus eqakaleni, kungaholela ekuphileni kobuhlungu nokunyakaza okulinganiselwe. Kwezinye izimo, iziguli zingase zidinge ukunqunywa isitho. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye iziguli ezine-osteonecrosis, ukufakelwa okuphrintiwe kwe-3D kungasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yokunqunywa kwesitho. Ngo-2020, i-UT Southwestern Medical Center yaseTexas yasebenzisa iphrinta ye-3D ukuze ishintshe amathambo eqakala ngenguqulo yensimbi. Ukuze bakhe ithambo eliphrintwe nge-3D, odokotela babedinga ama-CT scans we-talus onyaweni oluhle ukuze bathole inkomba. Ngalezo zithombe, basebenze nenkampani yangaphandle ukukhiqiza izimila zepulasitiki ezintathu ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokuhlolwa. Odokotela bakhetha okufaneleka kakhulu ngaphambi kokunyathelisa okokugcina kokufakelwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Insimbi eyasetshenziswa kwakuyi-titanium; kwathi lapho i-talus efile isusiwe, kwabekwa entsha. I-replica ye-3D ivumela ukunyakaza emalungeni eqakala nangaphansi kwe-subtalar, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhambisa unyawo phezulu naphansi futhi ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye.

Odokotela banethemba ngekusasa lamathambo abhalwe nge-3D. Lobu buchwepheshe buvula umnyango wokulungisa ukukhubazeka kofuzo noma ukusindisa izitho ezilinyazwe ukuhlukumezeka noma izifo. Izinqubo ezifanayo ziyahlolwa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa iziguli ezilahlekelwa izitho zomzimba nezitho ngenxa yomdlavuza. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuphrinta i-3D amathambo aqinile, abacwaningi baphinde bakha ithambo elithi "hyperelastic" eliphrintiwe nge-3D ngo-2022. Lokhu kufakelwa kwethambo lokwenziwa kufana ne-scaffold noma i-lattice futhi kuklanyelwe ukusekela ukukhula nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu zethambo zemvelo ezintsha.

Imithelela yokufakwa kwethambo okuphrintiwe nge-3D

Imithelela ebanzi yokufakelwa kwamathambo aphrinte i-3D ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinkampani zomshwalense zakha izinqubomgomo zokukhava mayelana nezimila ze-3D. Lo mkhuba ungase uholele ekubhalweni kabusha okuhlukile ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziphrintiwe ze-3D ezisetshenzisiwe. 
• Izimila ziba nezindleko ezithe xaxa njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D yezokwelapha buthuthuka futhi buthengiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kwehliswa kwezindleko kuzothuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabampofu nasemazweni asathuthuka lapho izinqubo zokonga izindleko zidingeka kakhulu.
• Abafundi bezokwelapha abasebenzisa amaphrinta e-3D ukuze benze ama-bone prototypes okuhlolwa nokusebenza kokuhlinzwa.
• Izinkampani eziningi zemishini yezokwelapha ezitshala imali kumaphrinta we-biomedical 3D ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
• Ososayensi abengeziwe ababambisene namafemu ezobuchwepheshe ukuze badizayine amaphrinta e-3D aqondise ukushintshwa kwesitho namathambo.
• Iziguli ezifa ngamathambo noma ezinokukhubazeka zithola ukuphrinta kwe-3D okungabuyisela ukunyakaza.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ucabanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D bungasekela kanjani inkambu yezokwelapha?
• Yiziphi izinselelo ezingaba khona zokuba nezimila eziphrintiwe nge-3D?