Ingqalasizinda ye-cybersecurity: Iphephe kangakanani imikhakha ebalulekile kubaduni?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 5, 2021

Umthwalo wezezimali wokukhokha izimfuno zesihlengo ugqamisa isidingo sezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezibalulekile. Ukusebenzisana, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kanye nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kubalulekile ukuze uvikeleke ngempumelelo ku-inthanethi nokuhlala ngaphambi kwezigebengu zama-inthanethi. Imithelela yesikhathi eside ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali eyengeziwe ku-cybersecurity, ukushintshwa kwengqalasizinda yefa, imithetho eqinile, isidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi.

Ingqalasizinda ye-cybersecurity umongo

Ingxenye yokuqala ka-2021 yabona uchungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware okushicilelwe kakhulu okwathumela ukushaqeka ezimbonini zonke futhi kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-cybersecurity. Phakathi kwalezi zigameko eziphawulekayo kwaba ukuhlaselwa kwe-Colonial Pipeline, inkampani enkulu yamapayipi kawoyela azinze e-US, ngoFebhuwari. Lokhu kuhlasela okuhlosiwe kwaphoqa inkampani ukuthi ivale okwesikhashana elinye lamapayipi ayo ayinhloko, okubangele ukushoda kukaphethiloli kanye novalo olusabalele. Ngokufanayo, ngoJuni 2021, umkhiqizi wenyama waseBrazil u-JBS waba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware, okwabangela ukumiswa kokukhiqiza kwabo inyama yenkomo e-US. 

Ngokusho komcwaningi we-cybersecurity uDragos, amaqembu abagebengu aseqalile ukugxila emikhakheni ethile edlala indima ebalulekile engqalasizinda nasekukhiqizeni. Izimboni ezibucayi, ezifana nezinjini zomoya, ukusebenza kukagesi, nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza nezokuthutha, seziphenduke izisulu eziyinhloko zalaba badlali abanonya. Abahlaseli basebenzisa izinjini eziyinkimbinkimbi zedijithali ezikwazi ukuskena izindawo zokungena eziveziwe ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IT zenkampani. Basizakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nokusebenzisa ukusetha okukude, ukuze baphule izivikelo zokuphepha zezinhlangano eziqondiwe. Ngokungena kulawa masistimu abucayi, abaduni bathola amandla okuphazamisa ukusebenza, ukuqola izihlengo, noma ukucekela phansi nengqalasizinda.

Umthelela walokhu kuhlasela kwe-ransomware udlulela ngalé kokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwamanje. Isibonelo, ukuhlasela kwe-Colonial Pipeline kwembula ubungozi bengqalasizinda yamandla abalulekile, okuveza amandla okushoda kukaphethiloli okusabalele kanye nomthelela wamanethiwekhi ezokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlasela kwe-JBS kwagqamisa ukuba sengozini kwamaketango okuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke, kwaveza ukukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kokudla kanye nethuba lokuguquguquka kwentengo embonini yenyama.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-Colonial Pipeline kanye ne-JBS yavuma ukuthi yakhokha izigidi zamadola kubagebengu be-ransomware ukuze baphinde bathole ukufinyelela kudatha yabo futhi baqalise kabusha imisebenzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubonisa umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali ukuhlaselwa okunjalo okuwubeka emabhizinisini, kugqamisa isidingo sezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona. Yize izinhlangano ezinkulu zingase zibe nezinsiza zokutshala ezinhlelweni eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, izinkampani ezincane namazwe athile avame ukuzithola esengozini enkulu ngenxa yamandla azo alinganiselwe ekulweni nezinsongo ze-inthanethi. 

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi, ezazi ngalobu bungozi, ziqondisa ngokukhethekile amabhizinisi anezivikelo ezibuthakathaka ku-inthanethi. Leli qhinga lidinga ukwamukelwa okuphuthumayo kwezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi kuwo wonke amazinga, kusukela kubasebenzisi ngabanye ukuya kohulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nohulumeni. Ngokuthuthukisa imithetho nezindinganiso zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, ohulumeni bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ingqalasizinda ebalulekile. Ukukhishwa kweMemorandamu Yezokuphepha Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukisa Ukuvikeleka Kwe-Cybersecurity Yezinhlelo Ezibalulekile Zokulawula Ingqalasizinda nguMongameli wase-US u-Joe Biden ngoJulayi 2021 kusebenza njengesibonelo sezinhlelo zikahulumeni okuhloswe ngazo ukusungula izinhlaka namazinga okuphepha ku-inthanethi asebenzayo.

Uma ubheka phambili, umphakathi womhlaba udinga ukubambisana kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi. Imvelo eguqukayo yezinsongo ze-inthanethi idinga umzamo ohlangene wokulwa nalezi zinselele ngempumelelo. Ababambiqhaza badinga ukwabelana ngemininingwane, izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu, kanye nobuhlakani bokusongela ukuze bahlale ngaphambi kwezigebengu ze-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, njengoba ohulumeni nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zikhipha izimfuneko nemithethonqubo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi, izinkampani zidinga ukubheka lokhu njengamathuba okuqinisa ukuma kwazo kokuphepha ku-inthanethi nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuvikela eziqinile. Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini, kunganika izinhlangano amandla okuthola nokusabela ezinsongweni ezivelayo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Imithelela yengqalasizinda ye-cybersecurity

Imithelela ebanzi ye-cybersecurity yengqalasizinda ingase ihlanganise:

• Imikhakha ebalulekile echitha iningi lezabelomali zayo ze-IT ekukhuliseni ukuphepha ku-inthanethi, okuholela ekwandeni kwabasebenzi be-IT kanye nemishini.
• Imikhakha ebalulekile ethatha indawo yengqalasizinda yedijithali yefa ngokuphelele, futhi kwezinye izimo, esikhundleni sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nezakhiwo zamanje. 
• Abahlinzeki bobuchwepheshe besistimu yenethiwekhi abasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okwengeziwe nezinqubo.
• Abaduni abasebenzisa amasistimu amasha ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuthi zingadlula kanjani izinyathelo zokuphepha zesimanje.
• Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezimali emabhizinisini, okuholela ekwehleni kokutshalwa kwezimali, ukuncipha kwemisebenzi, kanye nokwehla kokukhula komnotho.
• Ukuguguleka kokuthembela komphakathi ezinhlelweni zedijithali nobuchwepheshe, okuholela ekugcizeleleni okukhulu kobumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha.
• Ohulumeni abenza imithetho eqinile kanye nezivumelwano zokubambisana zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze balwe nezinsongo ze-cyber, okungenzeka balolonge kabusha ukuguquguquka kwezwe.
• Ukugcizelelwa okwengeziwe kwemfundo ye-cybersecurity kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
• Ukuqamba okusha kubuchwepheshe be-cybersecurity, njengamasistimu okuthola izinsongo ezithuthukile, izindlela zokubethela, nezimiso zokuxhumana ezivikelekile, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezingqalasizinda zedijithali eziqinile.
• Ukuthembela ezinhlelweni zedijithali nengqalasizinda exhumene okwenza izinkampani zibe sengcupheni yokusongelwa nge-inthanethi, okugqamisa isidingo semiklamo esimeme neqinile yengqalasizinda enciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokuphazamiseka okungaba khona.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi amasistimu akho aku-inthanethi avikelekile?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsongo ezingase zibe khona ukuhlasela kwengqalasizinda ezweni lakini?