Ososayensi basebenzisa osaziwayo ukudlulisa umyalezo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Inkinga yesayensi ephikiswana kakhulu kule minyaka emibili edlule yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu isexwayiso somhlaba wonke. Isixwayiso somhlaba wonke cishe kuxoxiwe ngaso ngesidlo sakusihlwa somndeni wakho, endaweni yokucima ukoma nabangane bakho, nakwesinye sezifundo zakho zasekolishi. Umbuzo wangempela abantu abebelokhu bephikisana ngawo ngowokuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga kuyiqiniso yini noma kuyinganekwane.

Nanku umbono owodwa: ososayensi bakholelwa kakhulu ekutheni ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangelwa umuntu. Kusukela ngoNovemba 2012 kuya kuDisemba 2013, kube nezindatshana zesimo sezulu ezibuyekezwe ngontanga eziyi-2,258 ngababhali abayizi-9,136. Bonke ababhali abayizi-9,136, ngaphandle kombhali oyedwa we-Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, benqabile imfundiso yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke yenziwa umuntu - okubangele ukuthi amaphesenti angu-0.01 ososayensi akholelwe ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga akukona okwangempela. Izincwadi zesimo sezulu ezibuyekezwe ontanga kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-November 12, 2012, ingqikithi yezihloko ezingu-13,950 24 kanye nezihloko ezingu-XNUMX kuphela ezenqaba le mfundiso. 

Kodwa, ake sibheke omunye umbono: Amalungu angama-130 eRiphabhulikhi eNdlu yabaMeli noma amaphesenti angama-56 ekhokhasi asho esidlangalaleni ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke akukona okwangempela. Amaseneta angama-30 eRiphabhulikhi noma amaphesenti angama-65 nawo akholelwa ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga akukona okwangempela. Lokho kuyingqikithi yabantu abangu-160 kwabangu-278 abakhethiwe baseRiphabhulikhi abaphika inkolelo-mbono yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke yenziwa umuntu - okuyisamba esingamaphesenti angama-58. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi iningi lamaRiphabhulikhi "abaphika isimo sezulu."

AmaRiphabhlikhi akhuluma kakhulu njengabaphikisi besimo sezulu futhi azimisele ukubiza noma ngubani ophikisana nawo. UNobhala Wezwe uJohn Kerry muva nje uthe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu "kuyisikhali esikhulu sokucekela phansi." AmaRepublicans uPat Robertson, Newt Gingrich, kanye noJohn McCain bathukile ngokuphawula kukaKerry base bemhlasela eziteshini zokusakaza nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana. U-Gingrich uphawule ezinkundleni zokuxhumana wathi uKerry akasatholakali nhlobo neqiniso futhi usezweni lamaphupho. USenator uJohn McCain uthe usale ezibuza ukuthi ngabe yena noKerry basemhlabeni owodwa futhi uKerry akufanele agxile kwezemvelo.

Emuva ezibalweni: Amaphesenti angama-58 amaRiphabhulikhi uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-0.01 ososayensi abaphika ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke - lokho kuyisilinganiso esikhulu. Kungani singakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni? Futhi uma singakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni, sizosabela kanjani ekukhathazekeni kwemvelo esikhathini esizayo?

Njengoba osopolitiki bevame ukwenza izakhamuzi eziningi zicabange ukuthi zilungile. Kuleli cala, osopolitiki bathonya izakhamizi ukuthi zikholelwe ukuthi zilungile ngokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngaphandle kokunikeza noma iyiphi idatha ebuyekezwe ontanga ukuze zisekele ukuphika kwazo. Kososayensi abazwakali futhi abantu abaningi abanaso isikhathi noma isineke sokufunda isihloko sesayensi sokubuyekezwa kontanga. Uma kunje, izinqubomgomo ngeke zenziwe mayelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke njengoba osopolitiki benezwi elikhulu ukwedlula ososayensi.

Ososayensi namuhla basungule indlela entsha yokwenza ukuhlaziya kwabo kuzwakale futhi basakaze abantu abaphika isimo sezulu. Leyo ndlela yenza osaziwayo bakhulume ngokufudumala komhlaba.

Osaziwayo mayelana nokufudumala komhlaba

Iminyaka Yokuphila Ngokuyingozi*, uhlelo lwethelevishini olunezingxenye ezingu-9, olusakazwa ku-Showtime, ludingida izindaba zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano yomphakathi esizungezile. UJames Cameron, uJerry Weintraub, uDaniel Abbasi, no-Arnold Schwarzenegger bangabakhiqizi abakhulu.

Lolu chungechunge lwamadokhumentari luhlanganisa osaziwayo, njengabaphenyi abahambela izindawo emhlabeni wonke kanye nakulo lonke elase-United States ezithintwe ukufudumala komhlaba. Isiqephu ngasinye, usaziwayo uxoxisana nongoti nabantu abahlala kulezo zindawo ngokuthi babandakanyeka kanjani, ukushaqeka kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, bese befuna izimpendulo. Kulabo saziwayo kubalwa uHarrison Ford, Jessica Alba, Don Cheadle, noSchwarzenegger.

U-Arnold Schwarzenegger ubambe iqhaza ngoba ubelokhu ebuza ukuthi kungani udaba lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu lungakahlanganisi kakhulu nomphakathi, naphezu kwezixwayiso ezivela emphakathini wesayensi.

"Ngicabanga ukuthi ukunyakaza kwezemvelo kungaphumelela kuphela uma silula futhi sicacile futhi siyenza indaba yabantu. Sizoxoxa izindaba zabantu kulo msebenzi. Ososayensi abasoze bathola ukunakwa okutholwa ngumuntu webhizinisi," kusho. Schwarzenegger.

U-Schwarzenegger uphinde waxoxa ngokuntula ukunaka ososayensi abakutholayo ngokuthola kwabo ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Nokho imibono yosopolitiki isakazwa kakhulu kwabezindaba. Uthe inkinga ingumlayezo ocace kakhudlwana futhi enezithunywa ezingcono neziqondakalayo kunososayensi, "Bengihlala ngizibuza ukuthi kungani lo mlayezo ungangeni. Mhlawumbe ososayensi kufanele bathathe isigaba sokulingisa..."

Mhlawumbe uSchwarzenegger uthole iphuzu. Mhlawumbe ukube ososayensi bebethatha amakilasi okulingisa, bagqoke izingubo zikaTom Ford neGivenchy, bese beqala ukuthandana nesihlabani saseHollywood, mhlawumbe besiyoqala ukubanaka. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi manje sebegxile ekutheni osaziwayo bakhulume umyalezo wabo.

U-Heidi Cullen, i-CEO yesikhashana kanye nomlobi oholayo we-Climate Central, noJoe Romm, umbhali wesimo sezulu kanye nomhlaziyi, bangabeluleki abakhulu besayensi ochungechungeni lwamadokhumenti. UCullen uthe osaziwayo benzelwe ukuthi basebenze "njengama-proxies" esibukeli esijwayelekile, babuze imibuzo, futhi bahlole ukungaqiniseki. "Bayengeza, 'umbono omusha'… bonke abahleli nabakhiqizi bakukhathalele kakhulu noma kancane ukuthatha isayensi ngendlela efanele," esho.

Ukuba nosaziwayo njengabameleli kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuletha umlayezo wokufudumala kwembulunga kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, njengoba sigxile kunkanyezi eyodwa yaseHollywood okungenani. Iminyaka Yokuphila Ngokuyingozi akuwona umzamo wokuqala wokuba nosaziwayo njengabamele ukudingida ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Uma singakhumbula, idokhumentari yalowo owayeyiPhini likaMongameli u-Al Gore ethi An Inconvenient Truth, eyaboniswa kumabhayisikobho emhlabeni wonke futhi yazuza i-Academy Award ngo-2006 yeBest Documentary Film, yaphumelela kakhulu ekwethuleni udaba lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emphakathini futhi yafunda izethameli.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngonyaka olandelayo ku-2007, ifilimu yedokhumentari elandiswa ngumlingisi uLeonardo DiCaprio. Ihora le-11 ezindabeni zemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Idatha yokuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe kwezindaba iphakamisa ukuthi abezindaba abajwayelekile baye babika ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu lapho usaziwayo ekumela. Izazi ziyibiza ngesibindi 'i-charismatic megafauna.'

U-Declan Fahy, uprofesa ohlanganyele e-American University's School of Communication, uthi, osaziwayo banalo inani elinamandla lokuphromotha futhi bangasiza ukufinyelela izethameli eziningi. Kusho uFahy, "Ithonya labo lamasiko lijula ​​kunokuphromotha nje kuphela. Benza imibono nezindaba zomphakathi samuntu. Babeka ubuso obubonakalayo, ubuso bomuntu ngamunye esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi, esihlelekile njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngakho-ke benza indaba ixhumane nezithameli, izibandakanye odabeni, futhi okungenzeka ukubahlanganisa ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo... amandla osaziwayo angokoqobo." 

Ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi ososayensi bazophumelela osopolitiki engxoxweni yokufudumala komhlaba. Kuphela, kunenkinga eyodwa: akekho obukayo Iminyaka Yokuphila Ngokuyingozi. Idokhumentari ayizange ingene ohlwini oluphambili lwemidlalo ye-TV yekhebula engu-100 futhi yashaywa isiqephu esiphinde saqhutshwa sochungechunge lopopayi. Isiqephu sokuqala sibe nesilinganiso esingu-0.07 kanti isiqephu sesibili sasingu-0.04.

Mhlawumbe ukusebenzisa osaziwayo njengabameli ukuxoxa ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuyona into engcono kakhulu. Ososayensi manje kudingeka baqale ukubheka ezinye izindlela ezihlukile. Bazokwenzenjani? Kuzodingeka sonke silinde sibone.