Ukuguqula izilwane zibe abanikela ngezitho zomzimba: Ingabe izilwane zizofuywa ukuze kutholwe izitho ngokuzayo?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 27, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukufaka izitho ezilwaneni ezishintshwe izakhi zofuzo ziye kubantu kuvela njengesixazululo senkinga yokushoda kwezitho zomzimba, izivivinyo eziyimpumelelo sezivele zikhombisa isithembiso. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela iphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha, izimiso zokuziphatha, kanye namandla okudluliselwa kwezifo, okudinga imithetho eqinile nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha. Lezi zinguquko zithuthukisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, zibangela izinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha, futhi zilolonge kabusha izimboni zokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye ne-biotechnology.

Ukushintsha izilwane ngomongo wezitho

Ukuntuleka kwezitho ezitholakalayo kubangela ukufa kwabantu abayi-17 nsuku zonke e-US kuphela. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele, ukufakelwa ngempumelelo kwezitho zezilwane ezishintshwe izakhi zofuzo ziyiswa kubantu kubhekwa njengekhambi lale nkinga. Izilwane sekuyisikhathi eside zicwaningwa njengabangase banikele ngezitho ezigulini ezingabantu ezihlushwa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezempilo ezihlobene nezitho. Kodwa-ke, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ngokuvamile siyakwenqaba ukufakwa kwezicubu zezilwane ngoba ziqukethe ushukela obizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-gal. 

Ngenhlanhla, lezi zivimbamgwaqo zakuqala ziyanqotshwa. Ukuhlolwa okuyimpumelelo kuye kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izingulube ze-Gal Safe ezinezinguquko zofuzo ezingaphezu kweshumi ngayinye, konke okuklanyelwe ukuvinjelwa amasosha omzimba womuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ososayensi kwa-Israel basebenzela ukwandisa amathuba okuba abantu bamukele izitho ngokushintsha amangqamuzana egazi ezitho zengulube bafake ezinye izindlela ezithathwe yi-placenta. Le mizamo, kanye neminye, yaba nezithelo ngoSepthemba 2021 esikhungweni sezokwelapha se-NYU Langone Health lapho inso yengulube yafakelwa khona ngempumelelo kumuntu amahora angama-54. 

Abacwaningi bezitho zezilwane baye baphawula nokuthi ngenxa yokuthi singafaka izitho zezilwane kubantu akusho ukuthi kufanele. Izinhlangano ezithile ezifana ne-Animal Free Research ziphinde zaveza ezinye izindlela zokuthola izitho ezengeziwe njengokusebenzisa izicubu zomuntu ezinikelwe, amaphrinta e-3D ezokwelapha, namasiko eseli. Bagcina ukuthi ukutshala imali kwezinye izindlela kugcina ubuntu besayensi ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli azibekwa engcupheni.  

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Nakuba ukuphumelela kwasekuqaleni ekufakeni isilwane kuya kumuntu kubonisa amandla, ukukhuphula le misebenzi yethula izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa nengozi yokudlulisela izifo zezilwane kubantu. Lezi zithiyo zesayensi kufanele ziqondiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezitho ezitshalwe kabusha. Impumelelo kulo mkhakha ingase iholele ezithweni ezitholakala kalula, okungenzeka ngezindleko eziphansi, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise kakhulu amazinga okufa emhlabeni wonke ahlobene nokwehluleka kwezitho.

Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka, ohulumeni nezinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwempilo bazobhekana nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuphoqelela imithetho eqinile kumalabhorethri akhulisa lezi zilwane ezishintshwe izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuqapha kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ingcuphe yokukhwabanisa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ephansi, okungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu kubamukeli bezitho zomzimba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zitho ziphephile futhi zihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu kakhulu kubalulekile ekugcineni ukwethenjwa komphakathi kulo mkhakha wezokwelapha osafufusa.

Kungase kube nokucutshungulwa okujulile okuvela ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalakahle yezilwane, okuzokwenza kube nomfutho wokuthi kwenziwe ucwaningo kwezinye izindlela zokukhula kwezitho zomzimba, njengezitho ezikhule elebhu zisebenzisa ama-stem cells. Le ngcindezi yomphakathi ingasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinketho ezinjalo, okungase kuholele ezisombululweni ezilungile nezisimeme zokushoda kwezitho zomzimba. Ingxoxo phakathi kwentuthuko yesayensi nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha ingase ilolonge ikusasa lokunikela ngezitho.

Imithelela yokufakelwa izitho zomzimba zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu

Imithelela ebanzi yokuvunwa kwezitho zezilwane ngobubanzi kubamukeli bezitho zomuntu ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwehliswa okumangalisayo kwamazinga okufa ngenxa yokwanda kokutholakala kwezitho zomzimba, okuholela ekuphileni okude nokushintsha kwezibalo zabantu.
• Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuzwelonke ngenxa yokuncipha kokuthembela ekunakekelweni kweziguli kwesikhathi eside, okuholela ekutheni kube khona ukwabiwa kabusha kwezimali kwezinye izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi.
• Intuthuko esheshayo ekukhiqizeni uhla lwezinye izitho ezishintshayo, njengezinhliziyo namaphaphu, okukhuthaza ukwanda kocwaningo lwezokwelapha olukhethekile nemikhakha yentuthuko.
• Intuthuko ekufakweni kwezitho ze-interspecies okuklanyelwe ukuvikela izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, okunikela emasu amasha okulondoloza kanye nemizamo yokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
• Izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezikhulayo phakathi kwamahlelo enkolo ahlukahlukene mayelana nemithelela yokuziphatha yokwamukela izitho zezilwane, ezithonya ukuguquguquka kwezikhundla zezimfundiso kanye nezingxoxo zokuxutshwa kwezinkolo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli ebhizinisi amasha kumafemu e-biotechnology, okugxile ekukhuleni kwezitho zomzimba kanye nokufakelwa kabusha, okuholela ekushintsheni ekutshalweni kwezimali nasekuxhaseni izinto ezibalulekile emkhakheni wezempilo.
• Ohulumeni abasungula imithethonqubo yokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane ezishintshwe izakhi, okunomthelela kuzinqubomgomo zamalungelo ezilwane kanye nokuguqulwa kofuzo.
• Ukwenyuswa kokutshalwa kwezimali komkhakha kahulumeni kanye nezizimele kwezinye izindlela zokukhulisa izitho zomzimba, njengezitho ezikhule ngelebhu, okuqhubekisela phambili intuthuko emithini yokuvuselela.
• Ukubambisana okuthuthukisiwe kwamazwe ngamazwe ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha nemihlahlandlela yokuziphatha, okudingwa isimo somhlaba wonke sokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba kanye nobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo.
• Ushintsho olungase lube khona ezidingweni zemakethe yezabasebenzi, nesidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe abanamakhono ku-biotechnology, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, kanye nemithi yokufakelwa kabusha, okushintsha izindlela zemfundo nezomsebenzi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Imboni yemfuyo ithathwa njengonya kwabaningi. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukukhulisela izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nenyama kunganezela encazelweni yezilwane zasemapulazini, noma ingabe lokhu kuziphikisa nakakhulu?
• Ucabanga ukuthi abantu bangabonisa ukuchema ekwamukeleni izitho ezikhulele ezilwaneni?