Jirage marasa matuka da kuma makomar kiyayewa

An fara yakin da jiragen yaki mara matuki kuma an ja layi na yaki. Keɓantawa yana tsaye a gefe ɗaya da yuwuwar a ɗayan. Da kyar ya zama fada na gaskiya. Yiwuwar ba su da iyaka, yayin da muke koyo kowace rana, kuma mafi kyawun sirrin da za a iya yi shi ne cimma matsaya.

Jiragen sama marasa matuki suna shiga cikin sauri cikin sashin kasuwanci, daga taimakon masu mallakar kadarori sayar da gidaje to isar da pizza. Amazon ya haifar da hayaniya 60 minutes tare da demo na Amazon Prime Air, tsarin isar da birni wanda ke da ikon sauke fakitin dama zuwa ƙofar ku cikin rabin sa'a. Jirgin Octocopter ya yi nisa daga gaskiyar birane, amma Jeff Bezos, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Amazon, ya yi imanin cewa lokaci ne kawai.

A watan da ya gabata, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Amurka (FAA) ya sanar da wuraren gwaji guda shida don kasuwanci amfani da drone. A cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa FAA na fatan tsara dokoki da ka'idoji da ake buƙata don amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa cikin aminci da kare sirrin mutane. A halin yanzu, akwai wasu jihohi wanda ya riga ya haramta amfani da marasa lafiya masu zaman kansu da masu tilasta doka.

Amma jirage marasa matuki suna ta takawa a duniya, kuma sai ƙara girma yake yi. Muna zuwa fahimtar cewa jirage marasa matuki ba kayan aikin hallaka ba ne kawai, kamar yadda sojoji ke nunawa, amma kayan aiki ne kawai. Amfaninsu yana iyakance ne kawai da tunanin ɗan adam.

Misali, kun ji ana amfani da jirage marasa matuka don yakar laifukan da ake yi wa namun daji a Nepal? Ko shirya ayyukan ceto Orangutan a Indonesia? Ko amfani da kyamarori masu ɗaukar zafi don gano mafarauta a Kenya?

Kamar dai bangaren kasuwanci, masu kiyayewa suna gano yuwuwar da jirage marasa matuka kuma suna amfani da su don adana yanayi da kare namun daji.

Jiragen sama marasa matuki da kiyayewa

Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da kiyayewa sabon wasa ne. Har zuwa kwanan nan, jirage marasa matuka sun yi tsada sosai ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu bincike ba za su iya biya ba. Ban da haka, dole ne wani ya yi tsalle don ya nuna wa wasu hanya.

Jiragen kiyayewa Farfesa Lian Pin Koh da Serge Wich ne suka fara. Abubuwan da suka shafi bincike a cikin kiyayewa da dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗu da su a cikin 2011. Hasashensu da sha'awar yara shine abin da ya haifar da Drones Conservation.

Koh da kuma Wace ya gane cewa jirage marasa matuki na kasuwanci ba zaɓi ba ne don matsakaicin kasafin bincike. Jiragen jirage marasa matuki suna buƙatar zama mai rahusa, tare da nau'ikan kayan haɗi waɗanda masu bincike suka amfana, kamar kyamarori masu ma'ana.

Bayan nasarar gwajin jirgin sama a Arewacin Sumatra, Indonesiya, Koh da Wich sun cika da mamaki saboda martanin da sauran masu bincike suka bayar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, jirage masu saukar ungulu na Conservation sun tashi a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai wasu kungiyoyi kamar Binciken Jiragen Ruwa, da kuma daidaikun mutanen da ke tashi tsaye don amfani da jirage marasa matuka don kiyayewa ta kowane nau'in hanyoyin kere kere.

In Nepal, WWF da sojojin Nepal suna amfani da jirage marasa matuki don kare karkanda masu ƙaho ɗaya daga mafarauta. A ciki Belize, Sashen kamun kifi da kungiyar kare namun daji suna tunanin yin amfani da jirage marasa matuka wajen sa ido kan ayyukan kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a gabar tekun. A ciki Kenya, jirage marasa matuki - da foda na chilli - ana amfani da su don tsoratar da giwaye daga wuraren da aka sani da ayyukan farauta.

A Indonesiya, Shirin Kare Orangutan SumatranSOCP) yana amfani da jirage marasa matuki ta hanyoyin da za su sa aikin ma'aikacin CIA ya zama mai daɗi.

Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan Sumatra wani nau'in halittu ne masu wadatar halittu kuma gida ne ga dabbobi da yawa da ke cikin hatsari, gami da damisa, karkanda, giwaye da kuma orangutans. An rufe sassan dajin da fadamar peat, wadanda ke da wadataccen ajiya na carbon. A duniya, ciyayi suna adana sosai metric tons biliyan 500 na carbon, ninki biyu na itatuwa a duk faɗin duniya. Amma duk da haka suna rufe kashi uku ne kawai na duniya.

Amma dajin damina da namun daji suna fuskantar barazana daga sare itatuwa (ba bisa ka'ida ba), farauta da gobarar daji. Gidajen mai na dabino babban tushen samun kudin shiga ne ga tattalin arzikin Sumatran. Itacen dabino yana da arha kuma yana da sauƙin girma a yanayin yanayi, kuma man dabino yana ko'ina a duk kayan amfanin gida, tun daga sabulu zuwa kayan zaki. Don samar da sarari don ƙarin shuka, ana sadaukar da gandun daji na halitta da mazaunanta. Gwamnati, masu gonaki da masu kula da muhalli sun kasance fada da juna a kan haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin muhalli na tsawon shekaru.

A Arewacin Sumatra ne inda Koh da Wich suka fara gwada samfurin su mara matuki. Kuma yana nan inda muka samu Graham Usher, ƙwararren Kariyar Tsarin ƙasa tare da SOCP, kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren maras matuƙa. Usher yana amfani da jirage marasa matuki don ceton orangutans, yaƙar aikata laifuka da kuma adana faɗuwar ƙwayar carbon.

Yaki da Laifuka da Ceton Orangutan

Graham na tashi da jirage marasa matuki a cikin dajin don ganin farauta da sansanonin sarewa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Sumatra. "Yawai yana yiwuwa a iya gano kwalta na sansanonin katako/farauta, wanda ke ba da damar nuna matsala don matakin matakin ƙasa," in ji Usher. “Waɗanda aka keɓance tamanin shuɗi a cikin dajin na iya zama abubuwa huɗu ne kawai: sare-gurbi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, mafarauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, masu bincike/ƙungiyoyin bincike, ko wataƙila masu hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Yawancin lokaci mun san idan akwai masu bincike ko ƙungiyoyin bincike a kusa. "

Ana kai rahoton ayyukan ba bisa ka'ida ba da jirage marasa matuka a Indonesia ga hukumomin tilasta bin doka. Ta wannan hanyar, jirage marasa matuka suna taimakawa kiyayewa ta hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya. Hukumomin yankin ba su da albarkatun da za su sa ido kan dajin kamar yadda Graham da tawagarsa suke yi.

Hakanan ana amfani da sa ido kan jiragen ruwa don nemo rarrabuwar kawuna na dajin inda dabbobi, kamar Orangutan, na iya kama su kuma suna buƙatar ceto. Orangutans yawanci suna zama a cikin aminci na itacen alfarwa, da kyar ke sauka zuwa cikin dajin. Manyan filaye da aka share don sare itace da shuka na iya barin su a makale a wani yanki, keɓe daga abinci da abokan zama.

Ƙananan jiragen sama tare da manyan kyamarori suna ba da damar gano bishiyu ɗaya da kuma sandunan Orangutan waɗanda suka rabu da sauran sassan dajin.

Hakanan yana taimakawa kiyaye lambobin orangutan da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa. A al'adance, irin wannan kididdigar zai buƙaci aika ƙungiyar bincike da ƙafa don ƙidaya gidajen Orangutan. Wannan hanyar tana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa kuma tana ɗaukar lokaci mai haɗari, musamman a yankunan fadama.

Ba tare da jirage marasa matuka ba, Graham da tawagarsa dole ne su dogara da hotunan tauraron dan adam. Duk da yake waɗannan kyauta ne, hotuna yawanci ba su da tabbas kuma ba su da ƙudurin da ake buƙata don nau'in aikin SOCP ke yi. Akwai kuma jinkiri daga lokacin da ake ɗaukar hotuna, sarrafa su, da kuma samuwa ga jama'a. Jiragen jirage marasa matuki suna ba da sa ido kusan na zahiri, wanda ya zama dole don kama masu sara da mafarauta ba bisa ka'ida ba. Hakanan yana ba da damar tsara ayyukan ceto ga Orangutan waɗanda gobara ko sarewar daji ta keɓe. Jiran hotunan tauraron dan adam ya zo ta hanyarsa na iya nufin rayuwa ko mutuwa ga Orangutan.

Makomar jirage marasa matuki da kiyayewa

"Yayin da fasahar ke tasowa, musamman a tsarin daukar hoto, mai yiyuwa ne mu iya tashi dazuzzuka da daddare da kyamarori masu daukar zafi da kuma kirga kowane dabbobi a cikin gidajensu," in ji Usher. “Wani yuwuwar kuma ita ce amfani da jirage marasa matuki da aka ɗora da masu karɓar rediyo don gano sigina daga dabbobin da ke da guntun rediyo. Hakanan wannan zai fi tasiri fiye da yin binciken matakin ƙasa. Ga manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri, kamar giwaye da damisa, zai zama zaɓi mai rahusa fiye da nau'in rediyon GPS, wanda ke da tsadar aiki."

Sabbin fasaha koyaushe ana runguma ne don wasu mahimman dalilai: suna sauƙaƙe abubuwa, arha, sauri ko kowane haɗuwa na uku. Abin da jirage marasa matuka ke yi ke nan ga SOCP, da sauran masu kiyayewa a duniya.

Marc Goss yana aiki da aikin giwayen Mara a Kenya. Ya fara amfani da jirage marasa matuka don nemo mafarauta da ke farautar hauren giwaye masu daraja. Ya gane, duk da haka, cewa sun fi tasiri a ciki giwaye masu tsoratarwa daga mafarauta. Goss ya ce: "Ina tsammanin suna tsammanin tarin ƙudan zuma ne."

Goss yana amfani da Google Earth da ƙuƙumman GPS don bin diddigin matsayin giwaye da ganin ko suna ɓacewa kusa da yankuna tare da sanannun ayyukan farauta. A nan gaba, yana shirin yin amfani da jirage marasa matuki tare da injin harbin fenti mai cike da capsaicin, wani abu mai ban haushi da ake samu a cikin barkonon chilli, don hana giwaye.

“Asalin jirage marasa matuka sune makomar kiyayewa; Jirgin mara matuki na iya yin abin da ma'aikatan tsaro 50 za su iya yi, in ji James Hardy, manajan Mara North Conservancy. “Zai kai matsayin da jirage marasa matuka ke kan gaba wajen farautar farauta. Da daddare za mu iya amfani da shi wajen karban sa hannun masu zafi na mafarauta, watakila mataccen giwa idan muka yi saurin isa.”

Usher ya amince da makomar jirage marasa matuka, kuma yana farin ciki da fatan bunkasa fasahar maras matuki. "Na yi imani cewa za mu kara yin amfani da jirage marasa matuka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, musamman yayin da farashin ke sauka, kamar na matukan jirgi wadanda tuni sun riga sun kasance. mafi kyau kuma mai rahusa fiye da ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma fasahohin sun inganta. Wataƙila mafi girman tsalle-tsalle masu zuwa shine a cikin fasahar hoto da fasahar tattara bayanai, kamar tsarin ɗaukar hoto da kuma bin diddigin rediyo telemetry na namun daji."