Kula da marasa lafiya na bayanan likita: Haɓaka dimokaradiyya na magani

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  Quantumrun Haskaka
• Afrilu 28, 2022

Takaitacciyar fahimta

Marasa lafiya da ke da iko akan bayanan lafiyar su suna shirye don sake fasalin kiwon lafiya, ba da damar ƙarin kulawar keɓaɓɓen da rage rarrabuwa a cikin samun dama da inganci. Wannan canjin zai iya haifar da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya, tare da likitocin samun cikakken tarihin haƙuri, haɓaka ci gaban fasaha, da ƙirƙirar sabbin dama ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun IT. Koyaya, yana kuma haifar da ƙalubale, kamar yuwuwar keta sirrin sirri, matsalolin ɗabi'a, da buƙatar babban saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na dijital da ilimi.

mahallin sarrafa bayanan mara lafiya

Ana buƙatar bayanan marasa lafiya sau da yawa ana buƙatar sadarwa da rabawa tsakanin ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya, masu ba da inshora, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingancin jiyya mai haƙuri. Koyaya, a yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwa na kiwon lafiya a duk duniya, akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin, yana barin yawancin bayanan marasa lafiya a cikin tsarin dijital daban-daban da tsarin adana bayanai. Ba wa marasa lafiya ikon sarrafa bayanansu ya haɗa da hana toshe bayanai, ba da damar masu amfani da su cikakken damar samun bayanan lafiyar su, da kuma sanya su zama masu mallakin bayanansu na ƙarshe tare da damar sarrafa damar da ke cikin wannan hukuma. 

Masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta sami ƙarin bincike tun daga ƙarshen 2010s don samar da dama da ayyuka marasa daidaituwa dangane da kabilanci, ƙabila, da matsayin zamantakewa. Misali, a cikin Yuni 2021, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta fitar da bayanan da ke nuna cewa marasa lafiyar Ba’amurke da Hispanic a Amurka sun kusan kusan sau uku ana kwantar da su a asibiti don COVID-19 fiye da masu cutar caucasian. 

Bugu da ƙari, masu ba da inshora da kamfanonin kiwon lafiya galibi ana hana su raba bayanan majiyyaci cikin sauri da inganci, jinkirta jiyya na lokaci mai haƙuri tsakanin masu ba da sabis da ke aiki a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa daban-daban. Jinkirin watsa bayanai na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa, kamar jinkirin bincike da jiyya, kwafin aikin lab, da sauran daidaitattun hanyoyin da ke kaiwa ga marasa lafiya biyan manyan kuɗaɗen asibiti. Sabili da haka, haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa na haɗin gwiwa da haɗin kai tsakanin manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya yana da mahimmanci don marasa lafiya su sami jiyya na lokaci da dacewa. Masana sun kuma yi imanin cewa barin marasa lafiya su sami cikakkiyar dama da kuma kula da bayanan lafiyar su zai inganta daidaito a fannin kiwon lafiya. 

Tasiri mai rudani

A cikin Maris 2019, Ofishin Babban Jami'in Kula da Lafiya na IT (ONC) da Cibiyoyin Kula da Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) sun fitar da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda ke ba masu amfani damar sarrafa bayanan lafiyar su. Dokar ONC za ta ba da umurni cewa a ba marasa lafiya damar shiga cikin Sauƙaƙan Bayanan Lafiyar Lantarki (EHRs). Dokokin CMS na neman samarwa marasa lafiya damar samun bayanan inshorar lafiya, tabbatar da cewa masu inshorar suna ba da bayanan mabukaci ta hanyar lantarki. 

Marasa lafiya da ke da cikakken iko akan bayanan lafiyar su da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daban-daban da cibiyoyi da ke iya raba EHR cikin sauƙi na iya haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya. Likitoci za su sami damar samun cikakken tarihin majiyyaci, ta haka ne za su rage buƙatar gwaje-gwajen bincike idan an riga an yi su da haɓaka ganewar asali da saurin jiyya. A sakamakon haka, ana iya rage yawan mace-mace a yanayin rashin lafiya mai tsanani. 

Masu ba da inshora da asibitoci na iya yin haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin fasaha da software don haɓaka aikace-aikace da dandamali waɗanda ke ba da damar masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya don samun damar bayanan haƙuri kamar yadda ake buƙata akan wayoyinsu ko na'urorin hannu. Waɗannan masu ruwa da tsaki-ciki har da majiyyata, likitoci, masu inshora, da kamfanonin kiwon lafiya—na iya samun ƙarin bayani game da yanayin majiyyaci a halin yanzu, tare da ƙirƙira sabbin dokoki waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen fayyace da fitar da haƙƙoƙin majiyyaci yayin raba bayanan likitancinsu. 

Likita da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya kuma na iya haɓakawa, saboda tarihin jiyyarsu zai zama wani ɓangare na kowane bayanan kiwon lafiya, wanda zai haifar da ingantaccen aiwatarwa da kimantawa a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya. 

Abubuwan da ke tattare da sarrafa marasa lafiya akan bayanan lafiya 

Faɗin tasirin marasa lafiya da ke sarrafa bayanan lafiyar su na iya haɗawa da:

• Ingantattun daidaiton kula da lafiya a duk faɗin tsarin kiwon lafiya kamar yadda aikin ƙwararren likita da sakamakon jiyya za a fi sa ido fiye da baya, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin kulawar keɓancewa da rage rarrabuwa a cikin samun lafiya da inganci.
• Gwamnatoci suna samun sauƙin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan lafiyar macro na yawan jama'a wanda zai iya taimaka musu wajen tsara saka hannun jari na kiwon lafiya na gida-zuwa-ƙasa da shiga tsakani, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen rabon albarkatu da yaƙin neman zaɓe na lafiyar jama'a.
• Babban kasuwar aiki don masu karatun IT a cikin haɓaka aikace-aikacen, yayin da fasahohi daban-daban ke gasa don haɓaka aikace-aikacen bayanan marasa lafiya masu jagorantar kasuwa don amfani a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin damar yin aiki da haɓaka ci gaban fasaha a cikin kiwon lafiya.
• Ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa na cyberattacks a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya saboda bayanan haƙuri da ke motsawa tsakanin tsarin dijital da kasancewa a kan layi, yana haifar da yuwuwar keta sirrin sirri da buƙatar haɓaka matakan tsaro.
• Yiwuwar yin amfani da bayanan lafiyar mutum ba daidai ba ta kamfanoni ko wasu ɓangarori na uku, yana haifar da damuwar ɗabi'a da buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idoji don kare sirrin mutum.
• Canji a cikin ma'auni na ma'auni tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da marasa lafiya, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice da kalubale na shari'a kamar yadda marasa lafiya ke tabbatar da iko akan bayanan su, wanda zai iya rinjayar dangantakar likitancin gargajiya da marasa lafiya.
• Yiwuwar rarrabuwar kawuna na tattalin arziƙi wajen samun dama ga keɓaɓɓen kiwon lafiya, kamar yadda waɗanda ke da hanyoyin yin amfani da bayanansu na iya samun fifikon jiyya, wanda ke haifar da faɗuwar gibi a ingancin kiwon lafiya.
• Canji a cikin tsarin kasuwancin kiwon lafiya kamar yadda bayanan sarrafa haƙuri ya zama kadara mai mahimmanci, yana haifar da sabbin hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga ga kamfanoni waɗanda za su iya amfani da wannan bayanin da yuwuwar canza yanayin gasa.
• Bukatar babban saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na dijital da ilimi don ba da damar sarrafa sarrafa marasa lafiya da yawa akan bayanan kiwon lafiya, haifar da yuwuwar nauyin kuɗi akan tsarin kiwon lafiya da gwamnatoci.

Tambayoyin da za a duba

• Kuna tsammanin masu ba da inshora ko masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya za su yi tsayayya da aiwatar da bayanan kula da marasa lafiya da EHRs? Me yasa ko me yasa? 
• Wadanne sabbin masana'antu ko masana'antu na iya fitowa daga yaduwar bayanan marasa lafiya ta hanyar wannan yanayin?