ʻO ka lawelawe ʻenehana Microbe: Hiki i nā ʻoihana ke kūʻai aku i nā meaola synthetic

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• December 21, 2022

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Hoʻopili ʻo Synthetic biology i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana pani a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole. Ua alakaʻi kēia hana hou i nā ʻoihana biotech a me nā mea hoʻomaka e hāʻawi ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā microbes hou ma ke ʻano he lawelawe, no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi maʻi. Hiki i nā hopena lōʻihi ʻē aʻe o kēia lawelawe ke komo i nā ʻāpana biodegradable no ka uila a me nā organoids like ʻole no ka hoʻāʻo lāʻau.

ʻO ka pōʻaiapili lawelawe microbe-engineering

Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo kekahi mau microbes ʻaʻole ia he mea make wale nō akā he pono pū kekahi i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO kēia mau "probiotics" - nā microorganisms ola e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou olakino ke ʻai pono ʻia - ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻano bacteria lactic acid i loaʻa i kekahi mau meaʻai. Mahalo i ka ʻenehana sequencing DNA o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana, ke aʻo hou nei mākou e pili ana i nā microbes e kapa iā mākou i ka home-a pehea ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ko mākou olakino.

ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻenehana microbes no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hana ana i nā ʻano microbial hou, a me ka huli ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano o kēia manawa. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau mea hou, hoʻololi a hahai nā mea noiʻi i nā loina o ka biology synthetic. ʻOi aku ka ʻano microbe hou ma mua o ka mea e noho nei ma ke ʻano he wehewehe probiotic no nā noi meaʻai. Akā, hiki i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻohana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he "pharmabiotics" a i ʻole "huahana biotherapeutic ola," e like me ka noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma Frontiers in Microbiology.

Ua ʻimi ʻia ka nui o nā microbes genetically engineered no ka lawe ʻana i ka antigen vaccination, akā kakaikahi i hiki i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau kanaka. ʻO nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe no nā microbes engineered e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi autoimmune, ʻulaʻula, ke kanesa, nā maʻi, a me nā maʻi metabolic. Ma muli o ka pono o nā microbes genetically engineered, nui nā ʻoihana biotech e ʻimi nei iā lākou ma mua o ke olakino a i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e like me ka mahiʻai a me ka ʻepekema waiwai.

Ka hopena hoʻopilikia

I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻolaha ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka biotechnology US ʻo Zymergen i kāna mau hoʻolālā e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hou i nā biopolymers a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka ʻenehana uila a me nā ʻāpana mālama mea kūʻai. Wahi a ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu ʻo Zach Serber, aia kahi ʻepekema waiwai ma muli o ka nui o nā kemika i loaʻa ma o ka biology. Me ka nui o 75,000 biomolecules ma Zymergen, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā mea i loaʻa ma ke ʻano a me nā mea e pono ai ke kūʻai ʻia mai nā kumu kūʻai.

ʻO ka hāʻawi mua ʻana o Zymergen i ka makahiki 2021 ua ʻae iā ia e hoʻonui i ka $ 500 miliona, e waiho ana i kona waiwai ma kahi o $ 3 biliona. Hoʻolālā ka ʻoihana e hoʻomaka i nā huahana hou ma o ka biology synthetic i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hapaʻumi o ke kumu kūʻai o nā kemika a me nā mea kahiko. Wahi a kāna waiho ʻana me ka US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), ʻo ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi huahana ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki, ke kumu kūʻai ʻo $50 miliona.

ʻO kekahi wahi o ka noiʻi ʻana no nā microbes genetically engineered aia i loko o ke keʻena fertilizers kemika. I ka makahiki 2022, ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻololi i kēia mau mea haumia me nā microbes genetically engineered. Ua hoʻololi ka poʻe noiʻi i nā ʻano bacteria mutant e hoʻopili i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu raiki a hāʻawi i kahi kahe mau o ka nitrogen iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana pēlā me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpala ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka ammonia i hana ʻia e ka bacteria. 

Manaʻo ka hui, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i ka poʻe noiʻi ke hana i ka bacteria e hoʻokō pono i nā pono o nā mea kanu. E hōʻemi ana kēia hoʻomohala ʻana i ka holo ʻana o ka nitrogen a me ka eutrophication. 

Nā hopena o nā lawelawe microbe-engineering

ʻO nā hopena nui aʻe o nā lawelawe microbe-engineering hiki ke komo: 

• ʻO nā hui Biopharma e hui pū ana me nā hui biotech e wikiwiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻāʻo.
• Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻoihana ʻoihana kemika e hoʻololi i kā lākou hana ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā hoʻomaka microbe-engineering e hana i nā microbes i ʻenekinia e hana i nā pūhui kemika laha.
• Hoʻomaka ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea biomedical, e like me ke kūpaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, nā mea biodegradable no ka uila.
• ʻO nā holomua i ka hoʻoponopono gene a me ka ʻenehana sequencing e hopena i nā noi ākea o nā ʻāpana genetically engineered, e like me nā robots ola e hiki ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho.
• ʻOi aku ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā keʻena noiʻi a me ka biopharma e ʻike i nā pathogens a me nā kano hou.
• ʻO nā organoids like ʻole a me nā prototypes body-in-a-chip i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau genetic.

Nā nīnau e noʻonoʻo ai

• Pehea ʻoe e manaʻo ai e hoʻololi ka ʻenekinia microbe ma ke ʻano he lawelawe i ka noiʻi olakino?
• He aha nā pilikia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea genetically engineered?