Adeegga injineernimada-yar-yar: Shirkaduhu hadda waxay iibsan karaan noolaha synthetic

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  Quantumrun Aragtida Saadaasha
• December 21, 2022

Soo koobid aragti

Bayoloji synthetic wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa abuurista xubnaha beddelka ah iyo noocyada noolaha ee gaarka ah. Hal-abuurkani waxa uu horseeday shirkadaha bayotechniska iyo kuwa bilawga ah ee bixiya helitaanka microbes cusub adeeg ahaan, gaar ahaan horumarinta daroogada iyo cilmi baarista cudurada. Saamaynta kale ee muddada dheer ee adeegan waxaa ka mid noqon kara qaybo noole-guura oo loogu talagalay elektiroonigga iyo xubnaha kale ee kala duwan ee baaritaanka daroogada.

Macnaha guud ee adeegga injineernimada-microbe

Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay ogaadeen in microbes-ka qaarkood aysan ahayn oo kaliya noolaha halista ah ee ay sidoo kale faa'iido u leeyihiin caafimaadka aadanaha. Kuwan "probiotics" - noolaha noolaha ee hagaajiya caafimaadkeena marka si ku filan loo isticmaalo - waxay u badan yihiin noocyada bakteeriyada lactic acid ee horayba ugu jirtay cuntooyinka qaarkood. Thanks to jiilka soo socda ee farsamada isku xigxiga DNA, waxaan baraneynaa wax badan oo ku saabsan microbes-ka guriga noogu yeera-iyo sida ay muhiim ugu yihiin caafimaadkeena.

Saynis yahanadu waa microbes injineernimada daawaynta, abuurista nuucyada microbial cusub, iyo bartilmaameedka hagaajinta noocyada jira. Si loo gaaro hal-abuurkan, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay beddelaan oo raacaan mabaadi'da bayoolaji synthetic. Noocyada cusub ee microbe-ga ayaa ka baxsan doona waxa hadda jira sida qeexida probiotic ee codsiyada cuntada. Taa baddalkeeda, warshadaha dawooyinka ayaa laga yaabaa inay u qaataan sidii "farmabiyootig" ama "alaabada noolaha biotherapeutic," sida lagu sheegay cilmi-baaris lagu daabacay Frontiers in Microbiology.

Qaar badan oo microbes ah oo lagu farsameeyay hiddo-wadaha ayaa la sahamiyay tallaalka antigen-ka, laakiin in yar ayaa gaadhay tijaabooyinka caafimaad ee bini'aadamka. Isticmaalka kale ee suurtogalka ah ee microbes-ka la farsameeyay waxaa ka mid ah daaweynta cudurrada difaaca jirka, bararka, kansarka, caabuqyada, iyo cilladaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Sababtoo ah faa'iidada microbes-ka hidde ahaan, shirkado badan oo biotech ah ayaa sahaminaya iyaga oo ka baxsan caafimaadka iyo qaybaha kala duwan, sida beeraha iyo sayniska alaabta.

Saamaynta qaska

Sannadka 2021, bilawga cilmiga bayoolajiga ee fadhigiisu yahay Maraykanka ee Zymergen wuxuu ku dhawaaqay qorshayaasheeda uu ku dardargelinayo horumarinta wax soo saarka cusub ee bioopolymers iyo agabka kale ee qalabka elektiroonigga ah iyo daryeelka macaamiisha. Sida laga soo xigtay aasaasaha Zach Serber, waxaa jira dib-u-cusbooneysiin sayniska maadada ah sababtoo ah tirada badan ee kiimikooyinka laga heli karo bayoolajiga. Iyadoo in ka badan 75,000 biomolecules ay ku jirto Zymergen, waxaa jira wax yar oo isku dhafan oo u dhexeeya waxa laga heli karo dabeecadda iyo waxa loo baahan yahay in laga soo iibsado ilo ganacsi.

Bixinta bilowga ah ee Zymergen ee 2021 waxay u ogolaatay inay kor u qaado USD $500 milyan, taasoo qiimihiisu gaadhayo ku dhawaad ​​USD $3 bilyan. Shirkaddu waxay qorshaynaysaa in ay soo saarto badeecooyin cusub iyada oo loo marayo bayoolaji synthetic shan sano ama ka yar toban meelood meel ahaan qiimaha kiimikooyinka iyo agabka dhaqameed. Marka loo eego xereynteeda Guddiga Securities and Exchange ee Mareykanka (SEC), qiyaasta waqtiga la soo saarayo alaab waa ku dhawaad ​​shan sano, oo ku kacaysa USD $50 milyan.

Meel kale oo cilmi baaris ah oo loogu talagalay microbes-ka hiddo-wadaha ayaa ku yaal booska bacriminta kiimikada. Sannadkii 2022, saynisyahannadu waxay sameeyeen tijaabooyin ay ku beddelaan wasakhowgan microbes-ka hidde ahaan loo farsameeyay. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay wax ka beddeleen noocyada bakteeriyada mutant si ay u gumaystaan ​​xididada dhirta bariiska oo ay u gaarsiiyaan qulqul joogto ah oo nitrogen ah. Waxay sidaas ku samayn karaan qashin la'aan iyagoo wax ka beddelaya cadadka ammonia ee ay bakteeriyada soo saarto. 

Kooxdu waxay soo jeedinaysaa, mustaqbalka, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay abuuri karaan bakteeriyada si gaar ah si ay u daboolaan baahida dalagyada. Horumarintani waxay yaraynaysaa qulqulka nitrogen-ka iyo eutrophication, habka dhaca marka qashinka kiimikaad ee ciidda ku maydho biyo. 

Saamaynta adeegyada injineernimada microbe-ka

Saamaynta ballaadhan ee adeegyada injineernimada-microbe-ga waxa ka mid noqon kara: 

• Shirkadaha Biopharma oo kaashanaya shirkadaha bayotechnoolajiyada si ay si degdeg ah ula socdaan horumarinta iyo tijaabinta daroogada.
• Shirkadaha warshadaha kiimikooyinka la aasaasay oo kala duwanaya hawlahooda iyaga oo abuuraya ama maalgelinaya bilaabista injineernimada-microbe-ka si ay u abuuraan microbes injineero si ay u soo saaraan xeryahooda kiimikada naadir ah.
• Bilawga diirada saaraya horumarinta walxaha bayoolajiga, sida kuwa adag, dabacsanaan badan, qaybaha noole noole ee elektiroonigga ah.
• Horumarka laga sameeyay tifaftirka hidda-wadaha iyo tignoolajiyada isku xigxiga taasoo keentay in la adeegsado qaybo badan oo hiddasiyeedka la farsameeyay, sida robots nool kuwaas oo is-dayactir kara.
• Wadashaqeyn dheeraad ah oo u dhaxeysa machadyada cilmi-baarista iyo biopharma si loo ogaado cudur-sidaha cusub iyo tallaalada.
• Noocyada kala duwan ee organoids iyo borototypes-in-a-chip kuwaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu barto cudurrada kala duwan iyo daaweynta hidde-socodka.

Su'aalaha la tixgeliyo

• Sidee kale ayaad u maleyneysaa in injineernimada microbe ka adeeg ahaan ay bedeli doonto cilmi-baarista caafimaadka?
• Waa maxay caqabadaha ka iman kara isticmaalka agabka hidde ahaan la farsameeyay?