Kev pabcuam Microbe-engineering: Cov tuam txhab tam sim no tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv hluavtaws

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• Hlis ntuj nqeg 21, 2022

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nkag siab

Synthetic biology hais txog kev tsim cov kabmob hloov pauv thiab cov kabmob tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau coj mus rau cov tuam txhab biotech thiab cov lag luam pib muab qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kab mob tshiab ua cov kev pabcuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txhim kho tshuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob. Lwm qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov kev pabcuam no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom siv biodegradable rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntau hom organoids rau kev sim tshuaj.

Microbe-engineering kev pab cuam ntsiab lus

Biologists tau tshawb pom tias qee cov kab mob microbes tsis yog cov kab mob ua rau tuag taus xwb tab sis kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov "probiotics" - cov kab mob nyob uas txhim kho peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv thaum noj txaus - yog cov kab mob lactic acid uas twb muaj nyob hauv qee yam khoom noj. Ua tsaug rau tiam tom ntej DNA sequencing technologies, peb tab tom kawm ntxiv txog cov microbes uas hu peb hauv tsev—thiab lawv tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov kws tshawb fawb yog engineering microbes rau kev kho mob, tsim cov kab mob microbial tshiab, thiab tsom rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov kev tsim kho tshiab no, cov kws tshawb fawb hloov pauv thiab ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Cov kab mob microbe tshiab yuav dhau qhov tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv kev txhais lus probiotic rau kev siv zaub mov. Hloov chaw, kev lag luam kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv lawv li "pharmabiotics" lossis "cov khoom siv biotherapeutic," raws li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv Frontiers hauv Microbiology.

Ntau cov kab mob genetic engineered microbes tau tshawb nrhiav rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis ob peb tau mus txog tib neeg kev sim tshuaj. Lwm yam kev siv tau rau cov kab mob uas tsim kho muaj xws li kho cov kab mob autoimmune, o, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob, thiab cov kab mob metabolic. Vim tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob microbes, ntau lub tuam txhab biotech tab tom tshawb nrhiav lawv dhau ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab rau ntau yam, xws li kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

Kev cuam tshuam

Xyoo 2021, US-based biotechnology startup Zymergen tshaj tawm nws cov phiaj xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam tshiab hauv biopolymers thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev saib xyuas neeg siv khoom. Raws li tus co-founder Zach Serber, muaj cov khoom siv science renaissance vim muaj ntau yam tshuaj muaj los ntawm biology. Nrog ntau dua 75,000 biomolecules ntawm Zymergen pov tseg, muaj qhov sib tshooj me me ntawm qhov tuaj yeem pom hauv cov xwm txheej thiab qhov yuav tsum tau yuav los ntawm cov chaw lag luam.

Zymergen thawj zaug muab rau pej xeem hauv 2021 tso cai rau nws nce $ 500 lab, muab nws tus nqi kwv yees li $ 3 nphom. Lub tuam txhab npaj yuav tsim cov khoom tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws hauv tsib xyoos lossis tsawg dua ntawm ib feem kaum ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv. Raws li nws cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau US Securities thiab Exchange Commission (SEC), lub sijhawm kwv yees rau kev tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam yog kwv yees li tsib xyoos, raug nqi $ 50 lab.

Lwm thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov tshuaj genetic microbes yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj chiv chaw. Hauv xyoo 2022, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev sim los hloov cov pa phem no nrog cov kab mob genetic engineered microbes. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hloov cov kab mob mutant ntawm cov kab mob kom colonize cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab xa cov dej tsis tu ncua ntawm nitrogen rau lawv. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj pov tseg los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov ammonia cov kab mob uas tsim tawm. 

Pab neeg no qhia tias yav tom ntej, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsim cov kab mob tshwj xeeb kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qoob loo. Qhov kev txhim kho no yuav txo qis nitrogen ntws thiab eutrophication, txheej txheem uas tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj khib nyiab los ntawm cov av ntxuav tawm mus rau hauv dej. 

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev pabcuam microbe-engineering

Kev cuam tshuam dav dav ntawm cov kev pabcuam microbe-engineering yuav suav nrog: 

• Cov tuam txhab Biopharma koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab biotech kom ceev cov tshuaj txhim kho thiab kuaj.
• Tsim cov tuam txhab kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv ntawm lawv cov haujlwm los ntawm kev tsim lossis nqis peev hauv microbe-engineering startups los tsim microbes engineered los tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg.
• Startups tsom rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv biomedical, xws li sturdier, hloov tau yooj yim, biodegradable Cheebtsam rau electronics.
• Kev nce qib hauv kev kho cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev sib txuas thev naus laus zis ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim kho caj ces, xws li cov neeg hlau nyob uas tuaj yeem kho tus kheej.
• Kev sib koom tes ntxiv ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb thiab biopharma txhawm rau tshawb pom cov kab mob tshiab thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Ntau hom organoids thiab lub cev-hauv-ib-chip prototypes uas tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog cov kab mob sib txawv thiab kev kho caj ces.

Cov lus nug los xav txog

• Yuav ua li cas lwm tus koj xav tias microbe engineering raws li kev pabcuam yuav hloov kev tshawb fawb kho mob?
• Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv genetic engineering?