Kutulutsa kwamaphunziro a AI: Makina opangidwa ndi AI amathandizira kutulutsa mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• Mwina 3, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Kuwonjezeka kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wa Artificial Intelligence (AI) kwabweretsa zovuta zosayembekezereka zachilengedwe, chifukwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaphunziro a AI zimatsogolera kutulutsa mpweya wambiri. Pozindikira nkhaniyi, makampaniwa akufufuza njira zothetsera mavuto monga kupanga zitsanzo za AI zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, kuyanjana ndi makampani opangira mphamvu zowonjezereka, ndikusamutsa malo opangira deta kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zoyesayesa izi, limodzi ndi njira zowongolera zomwe zingatheke, zikupanga tsogolo lomwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi udindo wa chilengedwe zitha kukhala limodzi.

Maphunziro a AI otulutsa mpweya

Makina oyendetsedwa ndi Artificial Intelligence (AI) amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri panthawi yophunzitsira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wambiri utuluke. Izi, nazonso, zimathandizira kusintha kwanyengo, ndikupanga vuto la chilengedwe lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe. Pamene makampani a AI akupitiriza kukula, ndi kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa zitsanzo zazikulu komanso zovuta, zovuta zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. 

AI ikugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuyendetsa zatsopano pazaumoyo, ukadaulo, ndi mafakitale amagetsi, kungotchula ochepa chabe. Komabe, pakati pa kusintha kopindulitsa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi machitidwe a AI, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mpweya wambiri wa carbon umapangidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi machitidwe a AI pamene akuphunzitsidwa komanso pamene akuchita mawerengedwe ambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa mu 2019 ndi University of Massachusetts ku Amherst, pafupifupi mapaundi 1,400 a mpweya amapangidwa pophunzitsa njira yosinthira chilankhulo cha AI. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera gwero lamphamvu, pafupifupi mapaundi a 78,000 a kaboni amatulutsidwa pamene njira yozama yophunzirira AI imamangidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa kuyambira pachiyambi.

Pozindikira momwe mapangidwe ndi maphunziro a machitidwe a AI amathandizira kusintha kwa nyengo, gulu la Green AI latulukira, lomwe likufuna kuti njira zogwiritsira ntchito AI zikhale zoyera komanso zokondera zachilengedwe. Gululi linanena kuti makina ena ophunzirira makina amawononga mphamvu zochepa kuposa machitidwe ena a AI, pamene maphunziro a AI amatha kusamukira kumadera akutali ndipo angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa. 

Zosokoneza

Makampani omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga ndi kuphunzitsa machitidwe a AI ali ndi kuthekera kothandizira chilengedwe polandira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso. Maboma ndi mabungwe owongolera atha kulimbikitsa kusinthaku popereka chilimbikitso chamisonkho ndi chithandizo kwa iwo omwe amakhazikitsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kuti zithandizire ntchito zawo zochokera ku AI. Mayiko omwe ali ndi mafakitale amphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso akhoza kukhala malo okongola kwa makampaniwa, ndikupereka zofunikira. 

Kutulutsa kwa kaboni komwe kumapangidwa pophunzitsa ma algorithms a AI kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kutengera zinthu monga komwe kumachokera magetsi, mtundu wa zida zamakompyuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kapangidwe kake ka algorithm. Ofufuza, kuphatikiza omwe ali ku Google, apeza kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa utsiwu kwambiri, nthawi zina ndi nthawi 10 mpaka 100. Popanga kusintha koyenera, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo osiyanasiyana, makampani amatha kupita patsogolo kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wake. 

Oyang'anira oyang'anira ali ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti ntchito zophunzitsira za AI zikutsatira miyezo ya chilengedwe. Ngati mapulojekiti ena adziwika kuti akuthandizira kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni m'madera awo, akuluakulu a boma akhoza kuyimitsa ntchito mpaka kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya. Misonkho pa malo a AI omwe amatulutsa mpweya wambiri amatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati cholepheretsa, pamene makampani a AI amatha kufufuza zomwe zachitika posachedwa mu sayansi yowerengera kuti awerenge zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

Zotsatira za maphunziro a AI 

Zotsatira zakuchuluka kwa maphunziro a AI zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupititsa patsogolo patsogolo kwa mitundu yatsopano ya AI yomwe imatha kusanthula bwino deta ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu komanso kutsika kofananira ndi chilengedwe.
• Makampani omwe adayikapo ndalama pachitukuko cha AI ogwirizana ndi makampani opanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kuti akhazikitsidwe maziko amagetsi oyera kuti athandizire ntchito zawo, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati paukadaulo ndi magawo amagetsi.
• Kusamutsa komwe kuli malo opangira data kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wolimbikitsa misonkho ndikupewa kuyang'anira, kapena kuwasamutsira kumadera akutali kuti achepetse mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa maseva, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo atsopano aukadaulo komanso kukula kwachuma kwanuko.
• Kupanga mapulogalamu atsopano okhudzana ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ogwira ntchito azikhala ndi luso lolinganiza kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi udindo wa chilengedwe.
• Kuwonekera kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wa AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yolumikizana padziko lonse lapansi yoyendetsera kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe cha AI.
• Kusintha kwa zoyembekeza za ogula kupita kuzinthu ndi ntchito za AI zomwe zimayang'anira chilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa magulidwe komanso kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa kuwonekera pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa AI.
• Kuthekera kwakusamuka kwa ntchito m'magawo amagetsi azikhalidwe monga makampani a AI akuchulukirachulukira kumagwero amphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika wa ogwira ntchito usinthe komanso kufunika kophunzitsiranso.
• Kukula kwa mgwirizano watsopano wandale ndi mikangano yotengera mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso zofunikira zamakampani a AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi mgwirizano wamalonda.
• Kuwunika kowonjezereka pamapangidwe opangira mphamvu zamagetsi ogwirizana ndi ma AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kumayika patsogolo kukhazikika limodzi ndi magwiridwe antchito.
• Kuthekera kwa madera akumidzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zongowonjezwdwanso kuti akhale malo owoneka bwino achitukuko cha AI, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mwayi watsopano wakukula kwachuma m'magawo omwe sanasungidwepo kale.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti malamulo ayenera kuperekedwa omwe amati mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pamene makampani a AI akukonzekera kuphunzitsa ndi kupanga machitidwe ozama a AI? 
• Kodi akatswiri azachilengedwe akuyenera kuwerengera phindu lopulumutsa mphamvu lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kusanthula kwadongosolo la AI (mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe apakompyuta a zida zatsopano zopulumutsira mphamvu, makina, njira zogulitsira, ndi zina zambiri) kuti awerengere mtengo weniweni/wonse wa chilengedwe wa machitidwe a AI?