Ho kopanya mefuta ea liphoofolo tse kotsing le tse seng li felile: Na qetellong re ka khutlisa mammoth ea boea?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• July 20, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso e tsosa thahasello ea ho kopanya mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela le e nyametseng ho tsosolosa tikoloho. Leha theknoloji ena ea bioloji e fana ka melemo e ka bang teng, ho ameha ka ho feto-fetoha ha mefuta ea limela le mathata a boitšoaro ho ntse ho le teng. Litlamorao tse pharaletseng li kenyelletsa bobuelli bo eketsehileng ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo, kabo ea tekanyetso ea mmuso bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, le ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea cloning ho limela le batho molemong oa paballo.

Cloning liphoofolo tse kotsing le tse nyametseng

Ha bokhoni ba theknoloji ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso CRISPR bo ntse bo tsoela pele, sechaba sa mahlale se ntse se lekola monyetla oa ho kopanya mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela le e nyametseng. Mokhoa ona o ikemiselitse ho khutlisetsa mefuta ena libakeng tsa eona tsa tlhaho, ho kenya letsoho ho tsosoloseng le ho leka-lekana ha tikoloho ea tikoloho. Ketsahalong e hlokomelehang, litsebi tsa paleonto tse ka Leboea-bochabela ho China li ile tsa sibolla mesaletsa ea li-dinosaur ka 2021, e neng e kenyelletsa lisele tse bolokiloeng ka mokhoa o makatsang. Le hoja liphuputso tsena li le bohlokoa, ho sebetsa ha cloning li-dinosaur ho ntse ho belaella, empa khopolo ena e bula mamati bakeng sa mefuta e meng.

Mohopolo oa ho sebelisa cloning ho thusa boitekong ba paballo ha se khopolo-taba feela. Khatelo-peleng e atlehileng, US Fish and Wildlife Service e tlalehile ka katleho ea cloning ea ferret e leoto le letšo ka 2021. Katleho ena e ile ea khoneha ka ho sebelisa sampole ea linama tse leqhoa e bolokiloeng San Diego Zoo. Ho khutlisetsoa ha li-ferrets tse maoto a matšo naheng ho ka ntlafatsa mefuta-futa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa tikoloho, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba tsona le botsitso.

Tloaelo ena ea theknoloji ea bioloji e na le liphello tse 'maloa sechabeng le tikolohong. Leha e fana ka mokhoa o mocha oa paballo, menahano ea boitšoaro le tikoloho ea hlaha. Ka mohlala, ho tsosolosoa ha mefuta e itseng ho ka ’na ha sitisa tikoloho e teng hona joale kapa ha baka liphello tse sa lebelloang. Ho feta moo, phihlello le taolo ea thekenoloji ke tsa bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso ea eona e nang le boikarabelo. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso bo reretsoeng ho felisa mefuta ea lintho tse phelang bo hlahisa pono e ikhethang ea ho rarolla mathata a sejoale-joale. Tšebeliso e 'ngoe e matla ea theknoloji ena ke ho kopana ho ka bang teng ha woolly mammoth DNA le tlou ea Asia, e leng beng ka tsona ba haufi-ufi ba phelang. Motsoako ona oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o ka hlomella litlou tsa Asia ka matla a ho phela maemong a batang a leholimo, ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ha tsona tikolohong e ntseng e sokeloa ea mongobo le e omeletseng ka lebaka la ho senngoa ha meru. Ho feta moo, tshusumetso ya tikoloho ya wolly mammoth, e kenyelletsang ho thehwa ha tundra ya jwang ka ho rema difate, e na le monyetla wa ho matlafatsa ho monyela ha carbon, ho hlola esita le meru ya pula.

Leha ho le joalo, bahlahlobisisi ba hlahisa matšoenyeho a utloahalang mabapi le molemo oa ho hlahisa mefuta e meng hape eo e ka ’nang eaba ha e sa ikamahanya le tikoloho ea hona joale, e leng se ka ’nang sa fella ka liteko tse hlōlehileng. Bothata ba melao ea boitšoaro ba ho boloka mefuta e joalo e le botlamuoeng kapa ho e hlekefetsa hore e bonoe ke batho le eona e ntse e le khōlō. Ho sa tsotellehe liphephetso tsena, babuelli ba eona ba buella hore ho hlahlojoe ka botlalo menyetla e se nang moeli ea boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. 

Mebuso le lik'hamphani tsa biotech li ka 'na tsa hloka ho loana le ho leka-lekana ho tsitsitseng pakeng tsa tsoelo-pele ea saense le boikarabelo ba boitšoaro. Melemo e ka bang teng, ho tloha ho fokotsa litšokelo tsa tikoloho ho ea ho holisa kutloisiso ea rona ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, e ke ke ea latoloa. Leha ho le joalo, lipelaelo le matshwenyeho a boitšoaro a mabapi le tsoho ea mefuta e seng e felile e hloka mokhoa o lekantsoeng, o totobatsang tlhahlobo e matla ea mahlale, nts'etsopele ea maano a nahanelang, le lipuisano tsa sechaba.

Litlamorao tsa ho etsa cloning liphoofolong tse kotsing le tse seng li felile

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa ho kenya hape mefuta e kotsing ea ho timela le tse nyametseng naheng li ka kenyelletsa:

• Batšehetsi ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo ba buella hore ho be le melao le litokelo tse hlakileng tsa liphoofolo tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso, ho akarelletsa le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le “liteko tse hlōlehileng.”
• Mebuso e sebelisa butle-butle tekanyetso ea selemo bakeng sa ho timela ha mefuta ea liphoofolo tsa matsoalloa.
• Lirapa tsa liphoofolo li haha ​​lilaboratori tsa cloning tse etselitsoeng ho bokella, ho boloka le ho laola lisampole tsa DNA le ho etsa mekhoa ea ho kopanya ha ho hlokahala.
• Litsebi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li kopanya mefuta e meng e tsebahalang molemong oa thuto kapa boithabiso, ho kenyeletsoa li-dinosaur tse nyane le mefuta e meng e sa tloaelehang.
• Ho eketseha ha tlhokomelo ea libaka tsa tlhaho lefatšeng ka bophara e le liphoofolo tse entsoeng ka sebōpeho sa liphoofolo butle-butle li khutlisetsoa naheng.
• Lintlafatso tse tšoanang tsa cloning le CRISPR li ntse li sebelisoa ho mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela le e nyametseng e ka khutlisetsoang molemong oa liphoofolo tse seng li felile.
• Lintlafatso tse ts'oanang tsa theknoloji ea cloning le CRISPR li ntse li sebelisoa ho kopanya batho.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• A o akanya gore ditshedi tse di nyeletseng di tshwanetse go busediwa kwa nageng?
• U nahana hore mebuso e tla laola liphoofolo tsa cloning joang?