Imiphumela yezempilo nezenhlalo yezinqubomgomo zekhefu lokwelashwa e-United States

Ilivu yokwelashwa yomndeni, ikakhulukazi ilivu yokuyobeletha/yokubeletha, muva nje kube udaba olukhathazayo oluye lwashabalala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwabezindaba zezombusazwe mayelana nokusakazwa kwalo nokuthandwa kwalo. Isiqephu sokugcina somthetho omkhulu mayelana nodaba olwaphasiswa e-United States sasayinwa nguBill Clinton futhi sabizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi uMthetho Wekhefu Lomndeni Nezokwelapha wango-1993.  

Ngokwephepha elishicilelwe uMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-United States, lesi senzo asigunyazi abaqashi ukuthi banikeze isikhathi sokuphumula esikhokhelwayo; kodwa-ke, iyala abaqashi ukuthi banikele "umsebenzi ovikelwe" ikhefu elingakhokhelwa labasebenzi abafanelekile (njengoba kunqunywa inani elithile lamahora asetshenziwe ngonyaka). Laba basebenzi bathola ilivu engakhokhelwa "kufika emavikini angu-12", baqinisekiswa ukuthi bazokwazi ukugcina umshwalense wabo wezempilo oxhaswe umqashi futhi babuyele emsebenzini wabo ofanayo. Lona leli phepha liyakusho lokho “Izinsiza nokwesekwa okutholakala ezinganeni zingaba nemiphumela ebucayi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ehlala njalo empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yazo. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, izingane zithola amazinga asheshayo okukhula kobuchopho nesimiso sezinzwa (Shonkoff and Phillips 2000) futhi zakhe izibopho zomphakathi ezibalulekile nabanakekeli bazo (Schore 2001).”   

Lapho ingane izalwa, isivele inawo wonke ama-neuron azoke abe nawo kukho konke ukuphila kwawo. Ubuchopho babo buphindeka kabili ngobukhulu ngonyaka wokuqala, futhi lapho beneminyaka emithathu bufinyelela kumaphesenti angu-80 omthamo wabo omdala. Ochwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwezingane nososayensi bocwaningo bafakazele ukuthi indawo yeminyaka yokuqala yengane ingaba nemiphumela ehlala impilo yonke. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe ikhefu lomndeni wethu elingengaphezu kwamasonto ayishumi nambili lingase libe lifushane kakhulu komama nobaba kanye nabo bonke abanye abanakekeli phakathi lapho, ngokwe-Urban Child Institute, isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhula esikhathini sokuphila kwengane. kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya eminyakeni emithathu.  

Ngaphandle kokuthi ikhefu elide lokuyobeletha lizuzisa kakhulu impilo yezingane ezisesigabeni sazo samanje kanye nempilo yazo yonke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa. "ukuthi abesifazane abathatha ikhefu elide lokuyoteta (okungukuthi isikhathi eside kunamaviki angu-12 ekhefu eliphelele) babika izimpawu zokucindezeleka ezimbalwa, ukuncipha kokudangala okukhulu, futhi, lapho ikhefu likhokhelwa, ukuthuthuka kwempilo yengqondo iyonke[...]"  

Unalokhu engqondweni, futhi ngemva kokuhlola izinqubomgomo zekhefu lokwelapha lomndeni zezinye izizwe ezihlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukukhuthaza ushintsho endleleni esikhuthaza ngayo amadoda nabesifazane abasebenzayo ukuba bahlakulele isikhathi esichithwa nezingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane zabo ezincane. Uma abanakekeli becindezelekile ngokwezimali noma ngenxa yokuthi abanaso isikhathi sokuphumula ukuze basize ekuthuthukiseni izingane zabo, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo nezenhlalo.