I-Anthropocene Age: Iminyaka yabantu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 6, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Anthropocene Age iyinkathi yakamuva kakhulu ephakamisa ukuthi abantu babe nomthelela omkhulu futhi unomphela eMhlabeni. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le minyaka ibangelwa ukwanda okumangalisayo kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nezinga elingakaze libonwe lemisebenzi yabantu manje ekhanda kabusha iplanethi. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yaleNkathi ingase ihlanganise izingcingo ezengeziwe zokuphatha ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengesimo esiphuthumayo kanye nemishini yesikhathi eside yokuthola amanye amaplanethi okuhlalwa kuwo.

Umongo we-Anthropocene Age

I-Anthropocene Age yitemu elahlongozwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1950, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2000 lapho laqala khona ukubamba iqhaza phakathi kososayensi. Lo mqondo waqala ukuduma ngenxa yomsebenzi kaPaul Crutzen, usokhemisi waseMax Plank Institute for Chemistry ezinze eJalimane. UDkt. Crutzen wathola okuphawulekayo mayelana nongqimba lwe-ozone nendlela ukungcola okuvela kubantu okulimaza ngayo ngawo-1970 nawo-1980—umsebenzi owagcina emtholele umklomelo kaNobel.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okugqugquzelwa abantu, ukucekelwa phansi okusakazekile kwezimiso zemvelo, nokudedelwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo endaweni ezungezile kungezinye zezindlela isintu esishiya ngazo uphawu oluhlala njalo. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, le miphumela elimazayo yeNkathi ye-Anthropocene ilindeleke ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Anthropocene iqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okusha kwesikhathi sokuma komhlaba ngenxa yobukhulu bezinguquko ezihambisanayo.

Lesi siphakamiso sesizuze ukuduma phakathi kochwepheshe abavela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ososayensi bendawo, abavubukuli, izazi-mlando, nabacwaningi bezifundo zobulili. Ukwengeza, iminyuziyamu eminingana ifake imibukiso ebonisa ubuciko obuhlobene ne-Anthropocene, ethola ugqozi kuyo; imithombo yezindaba yomhlaba wonke nayo iwamukele kabanzi lo mbono. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi igama elithi Anthropocene lithrendayo, lisangekho emthethweni. Iqembu labacwaningi lidingida ukuthi kwenziwe yini i-Anthropocene ibe iyunithi ye-geological ejwayelekile kanye nokuthi inquma nini lapho iqala khona.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukufudukela emadolobheni kudlale indima ebalulekile kule Nkathi. Amadolobhakazi, anokugxilisa kwawo okuminyene kwezinto zokwenziwa njengensimbi, ingilazi, ukhonkolo, nezitini, aveza ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zemvelo zibe izisakazana zasemadolobheni ezingaboli. Lokhu kushintsha kusuka endaweni yemvelo kuya endaweni yasemadolobheni kubonisa ushintsho olubalulekile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabantu nendawo ebazungezile.

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuphinde kwasheshisa umthelela weNkathi ye-Anthropocene. Ukwethulwa kanye nokuvela kwemishini kwenze abantu bakwazi ukukhipha futhi basebenzise izinsiza zemvelo ngezinga elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili, okube nomthelela ekuncipheni kwazo ngokushesha. Lokhu kukhishwa kwensiza okungaphezi, okuqhutshwa inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, kuholele ekuncipheni okukhulu kwemithombo yemvelo yoMhlaba, ukuguqula izimiso zemvelo kanye nezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, iplanethi ibhekene nenselele enkulu: ukulinganisa isidingo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe nokuphathwa kwezinsiza okusimeme. 

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa abantu kufakazelwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nezimo zesimo sezulu ezivame ukwanda kanye nezibi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi komhlaba kuholela emazingeni ashaqisayo okushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izilwandle nazo nazo azisindi, zibhekene nezinsongo ezisukela ekungcolisweni kwepulasitiki kuya ekufakweni kweasidi. Nakuba ohulumeni sebeqalile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokunciphisa ukuncika kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo, ukuvumelana phakathi kososayensi ukuthi le mizamo ayanele. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokumunca ikhabhoni kunikeza ithemba, nokho kunesidingo esicindezelayo samasu omhlaba abanzi futhi asebenza ngempumelelo ukuze ahlehlise imiphumela elimazayo yaleNkathi.

Imithelela ye-Anthropocene Age

Imithelela ebanzi ye-Anthropocene Age ingafaka: 

• Ososayensi abavuma ukungeza i-Anthropocene njengeyunithi ye-geological esemthethweni, nakuba kungase kube nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ngebanga lesikhathi.
• Ukwenyuka kwezicelo zokuthi ohulumeni bamemezele isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu futhi benze izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Le nhlangano ingase idale imibhikisho emigwaqweni, ikakhulukazi entsheni.
• Ukwenyuswa kwemali yokwamukelwa kanye nocwaningo lwezinhlelo ze-geoengineering ezidizayinelwe ukumisa noma ukuguqula imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
• Izikhungo zezimali nezinkampani zibizwa ngokweseka amabhizinisi kaphethiloli kanye nokudubelwa ngabathengi.
• Ukwanda kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuncipha kwezilwane zasolwandle ukuze kusekelwe inani labantu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuholele ekutshalweni kwezimali okwengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo ukuze kwakhiwe amapulazi esimeme.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe kanye noxhaso lwezimali lokuhlola indawo njengoba ukuphila eMhlabeni kuya ngokuya kungasimami. Lokhu kuhlola kuzobandakanya indlela yokusungula amapulazi emkhathini.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi iyini imiphumela ehlala njalo yemisebenzi yabantu emhlabeni?
• Iyiphi enye indlela ososayensi nohulumeni abangayitadisha ngayo iNkathi Ye-Anthropocene futhi bakhe amasu okuhlehlisa imiphumela eyingozi yempucuko yabantu?