Izibuko zomhlaba osathuthuka: Isinyathelo esibheke ekulinganeni kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamehlo

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 26, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kombono kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emhlabeni wonke, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe athuthukile nasathuthuka. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, njengezingilazi eziguquguqukayo ezingabizi kakhulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo, kuguqula ukufinyeleleka kokunakekelwa kombono ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle. Lezi zinguquko zilungele ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke, ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, kanye nokulungisa kabusha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo emazweni asathuthuka nathuthukile.

Izibuko zomongo womhlaba osathuthuka

Emazweni amaningi athuthukile, odokotela bamehlo batholakala kalula, isilinganiso esisodwa kubantu abayizi-5,000. Nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu emazweni asathuthuka, lapho izigidi zabantu zingakwazi ukuthola izibuko zamehlo ezinikezwa udokotela. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ibika ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abantu base-Afrika banenkinga yokungaboni kahle okungaziwa. Ukuphendula, i-WHO iqale i-Global Action Plan ngo-2014 ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwezibuko zamehlo kulezi zifunda.

Izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvaleni leli gebe. Isibonelo, i-VisionSpring yethule izinhlelo ezivumela abantu ukuthi bathenge amabhokisi ezibuko zamehlo abiza kancane, anenani elingu-USD $0.85 ucezu ngalunye, ukuze kunikelwe labo abadinga usizo emazweni asathuthuka. Le mizamo ayizona nje izenzo zokupha kodwa futhi iyimpoqo yezomnotho. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kwezingubo zamehlo ezilungisayo kubangela ukulahlekelwa okumangalisayo kwezigidigidi ezingaphezu kuka-USD $200 ngonyaka emkhiqizweni womhlaba.

Imithelela yezomnotho yokungaboni kahle ijulile. Abantu abanombono ongalungisiwe ngokuvamile abakwazi ukusebenza kahle, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqiza. Ngokubhekana nezinkinga zamehlo, abantu abakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa izinga lomsebenzi wabo kodwa futhi bathuthukise namathuba abo okuthola imisebenzi eholela kangcono. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-Center for Vision in the Developing World (CVDW) yenza amagxathu abalulekile ngezingilazi zayo eziguquguqukayo ezibiza kancane, eziklanywe isazi sefiziksi u-Joshua Silver. Lezi zibuko, zibiza kuphela i-USD $1 ngepheya ngayinye, zifaka amalensi kalwelwesi agcwele uketshezi okugobile kwawo kungalungiswa ukuze kulungiswe ukubona ngaphandle kokudinga incwadi kadokotela wamehlo. Ngamapheya angaphezu kwe-100,000 asatshalaliswa emazweni angaphezu kwe-20, lokhu okusha kubonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungenza kanjani izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibalulekile zifinyeleleke kalula.

Ngenye indlela, udokotela wamehlo ozinze eLondon u-Andrew Bastawrous wenze i-Peek Acuity, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone oluvumela izisebenzi ezingezona ezokwelashwa ukuthi zihlole amehlo. Uhlelo lokusebenza, olusebenzisa uhlamvu E olulula oluboniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, luvumela ukuhlolwa kombono okusheshayo nokunembile ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-77. Ithimba lika-Bastawrous liqhubeka lithuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe nge-Peek Retina, okunamathiselwe kwikhamera yama-smartphones angakwazi ukuthwebula i-retina ukuze kutholwe ukulimala komkhumbi wegazi. Lokhu kuthuthuka kukhombisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beselula bungahlukanisa kanjani futhi kwenze intando yeningi ukunakekelwa kwamehlo.

Ezinkampanini, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, lezi zindlela ezintsha zivula izimakethe ezintsha namathuba okubambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali emazweni asathuthuka. Khonamanjalo, kohulumeni, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obunjalo kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yezempilo yomphakathi, kwehlise izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo iyonke yezakhamuzi zabo. Lo mkhuba ugcizelela amandla obuchwepheshe ukubhekana nokungafani kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile.

Imithelela yokusabalalisa izibuko nokunakekelwa kwemibono emazweni asathuthuka

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zombono zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemikhiqizo kubantu abahlala emazweni asathuthuka ingabandakanya:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi zokuxilongwa kokuphazamiseka kokubona, kuhlanganiswe nokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo emitholampilo eseduze, okuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwamehlo ezindaweni ezikude nezingagadiwe.
• Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuzilungisa kanye nokuzihlola izibuko eziguquguqukayo, okuhambisana nezinhlelo ezixhaswe nguhulumeni zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa ngezinga elikhulu, okwenza ukulungisa umbono kufinyeleleke kalula kuwo wonke umhlaba.
• Imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, amabhizinisi, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, nososayensi bedatha ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusabalalisa izibuko zamehlo emazweni asathuthuka.
• Ukukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe kanye namamethrikhi athuthukisiwe we-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) emazweni asathuthuka ngenxa yokufinyelela okubanzi kwezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kombono wesimanje, okunikela ekukhuleni komnotho.
• Izindlela ezintsha zokunakekelwa kombono ekuqaleni ezenzelwe amazwe asathuthuka zitholakala kancane kancane emazweni athuthukile, zibhekana nezidingo zokunakekelwa kwamehlo kuzo zonke izigaba zezenhlalo nezomnotho.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo nokubamba iqhaza ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi kanye nemfundo ephakeme emiphakathini lapho ukunakekelwa kwemibono kufinyeleleka kalula, okuholela kubasebenzi abafunde kakhulu.
• Ukukhuphuka kokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwamehlo ezisekelwe endaweni kanye nezimboni emazweni asathuthuka, ukukhuthaza ukuzimela ngokomnotho kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela osizweni lwangaphandle.
• Ohulumeni abafaka ukunakekelwa kombono kuzinqubomgomo nezinhlelo zezempilo zikazwelonke, beqaphela indima yako ebalulekile empilweni kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwabantu.
• Ukushintshana okuthuthukisiwe kwamasiko ahlukahlukene kanye nokusebenzisana kubuchwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengoba izixazululo ezithuthukiswe endaweni eyodwa zishintshwa futhi zisetshenziswe emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ushintsho kokulindelwe ngabathengi kanye nezimfuno, okuholela ezinkampanini eziningi ezihlanganisa isibopho somphakathi kanye nezixazululo ezigxile kwezempilo kumamodeli webhizinisi labo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingatholakala ngokusekela ukunakekelwa kombono ezindaweni ezikude noma emazweni asathuthuka? 
• Ucabanga ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele balusekele kanjani lolu hlelo?