Izizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu: Imephu yedijithali yomhlaba wonke

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 29, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Amawele edijithali, noma ukwenza imephu ye-3D, izinguqulo zangempela (i-VR) zezindawo nezinto eziphilayo zangempela, ezibonakale zibalulekile ekuhloleni izingqalasizinda. Lezi zindawo ezilingisayo zingasiza ababambiqhaza bakhombe futhi bahlole amasayithi angaba khona futhi benze ngokuphephile izimo ezahlukahlukene ngedijithali. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalobu buchwepheshe ingase ihlanganise amadolobha ahlakaniphile ahlola izinqubomgomo nezinsizakalo ezintsha cishe kanye nezimo zezempi ezilingisa impi.

Umongo wezizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu

Iwele ledijithali lisebenzisa idatha evela emhlabeni wangempela ukuze akhe izifaniso ezingokoqobo ezingalingisa futhi zibikezele umkhiqizo, inqubo, noma indawo ezungezile nokuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphansi kokuhlukahluka okuhlukile. Lawa mawele abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi anembe ngokuhlanganisa izici ezifana ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kanye nezibalo zesoftware. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amawele edijithali abe abalulekile kwezobunjiniyela besimanje njengoba lawa mawele ngokuvamile engakwazi ukuthatha indawo yesidingo sokwakha ama-prototypes angokwenyama kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ezinemininingwane, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise izindleko futhi asheshise isivinini sokuphindaphinda komklamo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamawele edijithali nokulingisa ukuthi ukulingisa kuphindaphinda lokho okungenzeka kumkhiqizo, kuyilapho iwele ledijithali liphindaphinda okwenzekayo emkhiqizweni othile wangempela emhlabeni wangempela. Kokubili ukulingisa namawele edijithali kusebenzisa amamodeli edijithali ukuphinda izinqubo zesistimu. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ukulingisa kuvame ukugxila ekusebenzeni okukodwa ngesikhathi, amawele edijithali angasebenzisa ukulingisa okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze abone izindlela ezihlukile.
 
Ngenxa yokutholwa kwemboni amawele edijithali ahlangabezane nayo emikhiqizweni yobunjiniyela kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, izinkampani ezimbalwa manje sezigxile ekunikezeni amawele edijithali aveza imephu noma alingise izindawo zomhlaba wangempela nezindawo. Ikakhulukazi, amasosha abe nesithakazelo esikhulu ekudaleni izindawo ezingokoqobo lapho amasosha engaziqeqesha ngokuphepha (esebenzisa amahedisethi e-VR). 

Isibonelo senkampani ehlinzeka ngezizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu noma izindawo i-Maxar, esebenzisa izithombe zesathelayithi ukuze yakhe amawele ayo edijithali. Ngokwesayithi yenkampani, kusukela ngo-2022, ingadala ukulingisa kwendiza okufana nempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca okukhethekile noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Inkampani isebenzisa i-AI/ML ukuze ikhiphe izici, ama-vector, kanye nezibaluli kudatha yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-geospatial. Izixazululo zabo zokubuka zifana kakhulu nezimo eziphansi, zisiza amaklayenti ezempi ukuthi enze izinqumo ngokushesha nangokuzethemba. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngo-2019, I-US Army Research Laboratory yaqala ukwakha i-One World Terrain, imephu yomhlaba enembile enesinqumo esiphezulu se-3D engakhomba izindawo futhi isetshenziselwe ukuzulazula ezindaweni lapho i-GPS (isistimu yokubeka indawo yomhlaba) ingafinyeleleki. Iphrojekthi ecishe ibe ngama-USD $1-bhiliyoni, enikezwe inkontileka ku-Maxar, imaphakathi ne-Army's Synthetic Training Environment. Inkundla iwukuxhumana okuxubile okuphathekayo kwedijithali ukuze amasosha aqhube imisebenzi yokuqeqesha ngezilungiselelo ezibonakalayo ezibukisa umhlaba wangempela. Lo msebenzi kulindeleke ukuthi uphothulwe ngo-2023.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-2019, i-Amazon yasebenzisa ukulingisa okokwenziwa kwemigwaqo, izakhiwo, kanye nethrafikhi eSnohomish County, Washington, ukuqeqesha irobhothi layo lokulethwa, iScout. Ikhophi yedijithali yenkampani yayinembile kuze kube ngamasentimitha endaweni yamatshe onqenqema kanye nemigwaqo yokushayela, futhi ukwakheka okunjengohlamvu lwetiyela kwakunembe ukuya kumamilimitha. Ngokuhlola i-Scout endaweni yokwenziwa, i-Amazon yayikwazi ukuyibona izikhathi eziningi ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukene ngaphandle kokukhungathekisa izindawo ezingokoqobo ngokudedela ama-rover aluhlaza yonke indawo.

I-Amazon isebenzise idatha esuka ekalishini elilingana nosayizi we-Scout, edonswa ibhayisikili elinamakhamera kanye ne-lidar (isithwebuli se-laser ye-3D esivame ukusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi ezimoto ezizimele) ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yaso eseduze. Inkampani isebenzise izithombe ezithathwe ezinhlolovo zezindiza ukuze igcwalise yonke imephu. Ubuchwepheshe bemephu nokulingisa be-Amazon busiza ngocwaningo kanye nosizo lokuthumela amarobhothi ezindaweni ezintsha. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokuyihlola ngokulingisa ukuze ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile lapho kufika isikhathi. 

Imithelela yezizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu

Imithelela ebanzi yezizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu ingase ihlanganise: 

• Amawele edijithali oMhlaba asetshenziselwa imizamo yokulondoloza kanye nokusebenzisa izimo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
• Amadolobha ahlakaniphile asebenzisa amawele edijithali ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha, kuhlanganise nezimoto ezizimele, kanye nezifundo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlela amadolobha.
• Amadolobha alulama ngokushesha ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo kanye nezingxabano zezempi ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo nabahleli basemadolobheni abakwazi ukuhlela imizamo yokwakha kabusha.
• Izinhlangano zamasosha ezithola inkontileka yezinkampani zamamephu ze-3D ukuze zenze amawele edijithali ezindawo ezingokoqobo ukuze zilingise izimo zempi ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlola amarobhothi ezempi nama-drones.
• Imboni yegeyimu isebenzisa izizinda zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu ukuze idale ukuzizwisa okungokoqobo nokugxilile, ikakhulukazi leyo eklanyelwe ukulingisa izindawo zomhlaba wangempela.
• Ezinye iziqalo ezinikeza i-3D kanye nemephu yokuqagela yezinkampani zokwakha ezifuna ukuhlola amadizayini wezakhiwo ahlukene nezinto zokwakha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona zezindawo zokwenziwa ezifakwe kumephu?
• Amawele edijithali agxilile angayishintsha kanjani indlela abantu abaphila futhi basebenzisane ngayo?